www.britishempire.co.uk/ |
Origins of the
Winter 2004~ L.Hill
Library Research Guide |
Library Contacts:
|
Joan Ariel 386 Langson Library 824-4970 jariel@uci.edu |
Bill Landis Manuscripts Librarian 500 Langson Library 824-3113 blandis@uci.edu |
This guide provides an introductory overview of library/bibliographic research in History focusing on key strategies and sources for researching the Origins of the British Empire.
| 1. Historical Sources |
Primary sources: Firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. The nature and value of a source cannot be determined without reference to the topic and questions it is meant to answer. The same document, or other piece of evidence, may be a primary source in one investigation and secondary in another. The search for primary sources does not, therefore, automatically include or exclude any format of research materials or type of records, documents, or publications.
Primary sources typically can include archives and manuscript material, photographs, letters and diaries, scrapbooks, newspapers and clippings, government publications, oral histories, magazines, published books, printed ephemera, and video and audio recordings.
Secondary sources: Sources that analyze, assess, or interpret a topic under investigation, typically utilizing primary sources to do so.
Tertiary sources: Sources that identify and locate primary and secondary sources; these include bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, encyclopedias, and other reference resources; available in multiple formats, ie. some are online, others only in print.
IMPORTANT: Note that these categories are not mutually exclusive. A single item may be primary or secondary (or even tertiary) depending on your research topic and the use you make of that item.
| 2. Effective Research Skills |
2.1. Start with topic analysis
| 3. Search Types and Strategies |
In doing bibliographic or library-based research, there are three
key approaches to identifying information and materials on a subject or
topic: known item; keyword; and subject heading. All are based on
the "bibliographic record" for the book, article, or other item.
| 3.1. Known Item |
Search on a known title or author, then use subject headings in the
bibliographic record to expand your retrieval to related items. And,
of course, in addition, use footnotes and bibliographic references.
| 3.2. Keyword |
In most library catalogs and databases, searches for your key words usually drawn from the following data fields:
Note:
| 3.3. Subject Heading(s) |
A subject heading is a word or term that describes, often quite broadly, the contents of an information resource. "Authorized" headings for U.S. libraries are generally determined by the Library of Congress (LCSH). In addition to usage in catalog records for books, videotapes, and other library resources, many abstracting and indexing databases of articles use LCSH as the basis for their subject indexing.
Searches for subject heading(s) assigned by the Library of Congress or descriptors assigned by the index/database producer use a "controlled vocabulary." The best way to identify subject heading(s) for your topic is to do a keyword search first, then note and link from subject headings of the most promising items.
Note:
Sample LC subject headings for topics related to the Origins of the British Empire:
| 3.4. Useful Search Strategies |
3.4.1. Truncation: Use trucation symbols (usually * and/or #) building on the root of a word to expand your retrieval
Using AND between terms will give you a smaller set of retrievals, while
using OR will get you more retrievals. This is called "boolean logic."
For more information, see Boolean
Searching: A Primer
3.4.3. Limiting/Modifying Search Results:
| 4.
UCI Libraries Website
http://www.lib.uci.edu/ |
The UCI Libraries Website provides an organized gateway for research across the disciplines. Your familiarity with this resource will save you time and enhance your success in identifying research sources, services, and other useful information. The sections on Online Research and the Subject Guides, created by the Research Librarians for each UCI academic program, are especially recommended.
A guide to key resources for research in History; includes catalogs, indexes, online journals, and selected primary sources.
Note: This guide is updated regularly; I encourage your suggestions via email for additional resources to include.
See attached Table of Contents
| 5. Guides to the Literature, Subject Dictionaries, and Other Reference Works |
Guides (or guides to the literature as they're sometimes called) provide the researcher with a basic introduction to the literature of a discipline. Guides list important bibliographies, dictionaries,directories, encyclopedias, periodical indexes, manuscript and statistical finding aids, etc. They may be a useful first step in beginning research, helpful both in acquainting the researcher with critical sources in the field and assisting in organization and evaluation of research strategies. In other words, guides offer a structured overview of an academic discipline.
The key guide for history is:
The American Historical Association's Guide to
Historical Literature. New York:
Oxford, 1995. 2 vols. Ref. Z6201 .A55 1995
Considered by many to be the historian's bibliographic bible, this guide is one good place to begin researching any topic in any field of history. Hundreds of historians from around the world have selected and comment on the best and most useful works in their fields--almost 27,000 annotated citations--to provide bibliographic guidance of from prehistory to the twentieth century.Subject dictionaries, encyclopedias and handbooks (the terms are often used interchangeably) may provide useful background information, concepts and terminology, leads to key events and people, etc. They can also be an excellent resource for exploring possible research topics and/or obtaining key background information, terminology, etc. You will also find many specialized dictionaries and encyclopedias in the Reference Collection. The link below provides a PDF list of more recent titles listed alphabetically under geographical categories.
History Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Handbooks (PDF)To identify other available reference works, do a keyword search in ANTPAC (see below) and limit your result to Location: Langon Reference
| 6. Identifying and Locating Books and Other Monographs: Library Catalogs |
| 6.1 ANTPAC: UCI Catalog |
The most comprehensive and current catalog to all holdings in the UCI Libraries. Useful features include:
Guide to Call Number & Subject Locations
| 6.2. New (!) Melvyl Catalog and California Digital Library (CDL) |
6.2.1.
Melvyl®: UC
System Catalog
Melvyl is a web-based gateway to the library holdings of the University
of California Libraries and to those of the California Academy of Sciences,
California Historical Society, California State Library, Center for Research
Libraries, Graduate Theological Union, Hastings College of Law, and Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory.
The database contains over 23,000,000 records, including books, periodicals or journal titles, videos, maps, sound recordings and much more. Melvyl allows you to browse records, save and mail items to your email account, set up a profile and Workspace so that you can save records and searches across sessions, and have email Updates automatically sent to you.
The new Melvyl catalog was released by CDL to the UC University community and public at large in April 2003. On August 1, 2003, "Legacy Melvyl" was retired and the new web-based version of Melvyl became the only union, or combined, catalog of the UC libraries.
Introduction and guides to New Melvyl
Highly Recommended: Establish your profile and "Workspace" in new Melvyl in order to:
| 6.3. WorldCat |
WorldCat is a"union catalog" databases for large groups of libraries that share cataloging information and access. To be fully comprehensive in your research, you may wish to search this resource.
Note: Watch for UCI holdings statements and/or click on
(where available) to link to holdings in UC libraries.
WorldCat: The Onlince Computer
Library Center (OCLC) union catalog for books and other materials in libraries
worldwide.
An even larger bibliographic database than MELVYL, WorldCat includes
citations for books, journals, manuscripts, maps, music scores, sound recordings,
films, computer files, newspapers, slides, videotapes, etc., in a variety
of languages, held in numerous libraries around the world. Coverage: 1000
A.D. - present.
| 7. Identifying and Locating Periodical Articles: Indexes and Abstracts |
| 7.1. Selected Useful Resources |
Tutorial: Find Articles in DatabasesArticle Databases: General access to periodical indexes and abstracts is provided through the UCI Libraries Website: Article Databases.
Below are selective listings of indexes most useful for history topics; depending on your topic, you may well need to consult other resources.
Note:
| 7.2. Journal Literature: Selected Web-Based Indexes and Abstracts |
Historical Abstracts (HA)
1955-
The "world's leading historical bibliography" covers the history of
the world from 1450 to the present (excluding North America). Includes
English-language journals (1,700+), some books, and dissertations; does
not include book reviews as a document type. Search
Tips: See AHL above.
Search Tips:
7.2.2. Multidisciplinary: A Selective List
ArticleFirst
via FirstSearch/OCLC
Citations from the table of contents pages of journals
in the sciences, social sciences, the humanities, and popular culture
Current Contents.
1993-present.
Cover-to-cover indexing of journal articles, reviews,
meeting abstracts, editorials, etc., is provided for more than 7,500 internataional
journals covering all disciplines.
*Expanded
Academic Index ASAP 1980 - present
Provides multi-disciplinary coverage from arts and the
humanities to social sciences, science and technology; inlcudes scholarly
journals, news magazines, and newspapers - many with full text and images.
Includes both popular and scholarly literature; for scholarly only, limit
to refereed articles.
PCI: Periodical Contents Index.
(PCI) and *PCI Full -Text
1770-1995
PCI: Covers 37 key subject areas in the humanities
and social sciences and currently indexes around 13.9 million articles
dating from as early as the eighteenth century up to 1995 .Cataloguing
in PCI is not limited by date or by language. Over two centuries of scholarly
publication in 40 languages and dialects are indexed, including English,
French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages.
PCI Full-Text contains the contents of 259 journal
runs, providing access to over 5.4 million article pages - representing
over 860,000 articles. These are drawn from the 13 million-plus article
citation records in the PCI index. PCI Full Text is on target to grow to
300 journals by the end of 2003.
7.2.4. Additional Indexes/Abstracts (to consider as your topic warrants)
Selected additional databases that may be useful for your bibliography are included in the table below. Carefully consider those relevant to the discipline(s) related to your topic. To access these, link from Article Databases list.
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| 7.3. Historical Newspapers |
Historical Newspapers
Online
Contains three major historical resources:
| 7.4. Periodicals: Selected Print Indexes |
Especially as historians, you can never forget those indexes still available only in print form. The following is a very selective list of available titles; check ANTPAC for others.
Multidisciplinary:
International Index to Periodicals. 1907-1965/65 Ref.
AI3 I58
subsequently: Humanities and Social Sciences
Index. 1965/66-1973/74
then separately: Humanities Index; Social Sciences Index 1973/74-
Index to academic journals in Humanities, Social
Sciences, and Sciences.
| 7.5. Full-Text Resources: Online/Electronic Journals |
Convenient access from:
CDL: History,
Electronic Journals available to UC Irvine
or
UCI Libraries Website / Full-Text
Journals
Specific Collections:
JSTOR (Retrospective
archive)
Provides searching and browsing access to the full text
of back files of over 100 scholarly publications in dozens of academic
disciplines, including History. Articles can be printed off using an Adobe
PDF reader plug in to your Web browser (available on all public terminals
in the UCI Libraries).
Note: for many journals does not include the latest 2-5
years, but often includes back issues from several decades past.
History Titles include but are not limited to:
| American Historical Review
American Quarterly Eighteenth-Century Studies Journal of American History Journal of Economic History Journal of Military History |
Journal of Modern History
Journal of the History of Ideas Renaissance Quarterly Reviews in American History Studies in the Renaissance William and Mary Quarterly |
Project Muse (Current)
Full text of over 40 journals in the humanities and social
sciences published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Full text coverage
varies by journal title but ranges from 1993 to the present. Links to the
full text of many articles available in CDL-hosted databases.
Selected journals of interest include but are not limited to:
| American Quarterly
Asian Perspectives Eighteenth-Century Life Eighteenth-Century Studies French Colonial History (new in 2003) |
French Historical Studies
History and Memory Journal of Interdisciplinary History Journal of the History of Ideas Reviews in American History |
| 8. Primary Sources: Strategies and Selected Resources |
In addition to the suggestions below, you may wish to consult:
| 8.1. Books: Strategies to Identify Primary Sources in Library Collections |
Use or adapt these strategies in ANTPAC, MELVYL®, or WorldCat:
- Adding the subheading sources to the end of relevant Library of Congress Subject Heading (or use in a keyword search) often retrieves autobiographies, personal narratives, diaries, interviews, and other documentary/primary materials. Please note, however, that this strategy is by no means comprehensive; use other strategies to complement this.
- Use document* with keyword search; may retrieve collections of documents, documentary histories, etc.
- Limit to Year of Publication, e.g., after 1600 and before 1900.
| 8.2. Licensed Databases |
| 8.3. Microforms: Located on the first floor, Microforms Section |
Note: Ask for assistance at Reference Desk.
The following list highlights selected materials in microform at UCI. You can identify others by doing an ANTPAC keyword search and limiting to location Langson Microforms. You may also use MELVYL® and/or WorldCat to check for others in UC system and beyond.
Most of these sets have guides/indexes to assist in identification and location of relevant material. Again, ask reference librarians for assistance if needed.
Devereux Papers 1372-1664. Microfilm M 000437
Correspondence, papers, letters-patent,
deeds, accounts and other documents of the family of Devereux (Great Britain)
Dudley Papers 1559-1595. (Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 1532?-1588). Microfilm M 000435
Early English Books, 1641-1700 Microfilm M 000179;
Guide Microfilm M 000179 GUIDES
and
English Books, 1475-1640 (Pollard and Redgrave) University
Microfilms, 1965- Microfilm M 000178
Microfilm copy of books from Pollard
and Redgrave's, A short-title catalogue of books printed in England,
Scotland and Ireland and of English books printed abroad, 1475-1640.
Index/guide located with microfilm set; additional copy in Special
Collections, Z2002 .U574
See also Early English Books (EEBO) above.
Elizabethan Ireland and the Settlement of Ulster : The Carew Papers at Lambeth Palace Library. World Microfilms Publications, 1978. Microfilm M 000343
Great Britain. Parliament. Debates, 1066-1948. Microprint.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Journals, 1547-1900. Microprint.
Great Britain. Public Record Office. Complete State Papers
Domestic: Series One: 1547-1625. Harvester Press, c1977-1979.
188 reels. Microfilm M 000318
See bibliographic record for contents
note.
Great Britain. Public Record Office. State Papers (foreign) of Edward
VI, 1547-1553.
6 reels. Michael Glazier, Inc., 1979. Microfilm M 000347
Great Britain. Public Record Office. State Papers (foreign) of Mary I, 1553-1558. 5 reels. Michael Glazier, Inc., 1979. Microfilm M 000348
Politics and Administration of Tudor and Stuart England, Part 1-5. Reproduced from the Lansdowne Collection in the British Library, London. 163 reels. Harvester Press, 1976-80. Microfilm M 000224
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Manuscripts from the Rawlinson
Collection in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Harvester Press
Microform Publications, 1984. DA315.A12 S598 1984 pt.5 Guide
Note: This microfilm collection is located at
UC Santa Barbara and is available for interlibrary loan. Contents of the
Rawlinson Collection is described in Catalogi codicum manuscriptorum bibliothecae
Bodleianae, pt. 5, and is filmed on the first reel of the Rawlinson Collection
on microfilm.
Social and Political Affairs in the Age of the Tudors: The Talbot
Papers from Lambeth Palace Library, London. 1499-1608.
9 reels. Microfilm M 630
See bibliographic record for
contents note.
The Tanner Manuscripts. 85 reels. Harvester Press,
c1977-1980. Microfilm M 000384
Microfilms of mss. collected by Thomas
Tanner in the Bodleian Library, Oxford University
pt. 1. Church, state and politics
in England after the Civil War (1648-1699). 17 reels -- pt. 2. Church,
state and politics in sixteenth and seventeenth century England (1570-1647).
24 reels -- pt. 3. Church, state and politics in seventeenth century England
(1600-1700). 22 reels -- pt. 4. Church, state and politics in England (1550-1700).
21 reels
In addition:
Finding Aids: Materials Located at Other Libraries
The UCI Microforms Collection includes a number of guides/indexes
to collections and sources located in other libraries around the world.
In addition, many guides to microform collections are now available on
the Web. Such guides can be particularly useful for long term
projects (dissertations, etc.) as you may consult these guides, identify
desired microform and request via Interlibrary Loan.
| 8.4. Selected Websites |
Note: The following list is just a sampling of what is now available on the Internet. You will want to search Google etc. (creatively but carefully) for other possibilities. Needless to say, none of these sites are completely comprehensive. Use a combination of those that seem promising for your topic.
Google (http://www.google.com/) can be an excellent internet search engine for finding resources, but even better:
Searchable web directories often are more useful because sites have
been reviewed and selected by historians, librarians, and other experts.
Directories
include:
The
Best of the History Sites
An "award-winning portal created for
students, history educators, and general history enthusiasts...features
links to K-12 history lesson plans, teacher guides, activities, games,
quizzes, and more."
The Librarians
Index to the Internet
Searchable guide to high quality, non-commercial
internet resources evaluated and selected by librarians.
Merlot:
Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Teaching (Center
for Distributed Learning, California State University)
"MERLOT is a free and open resource
designed primarily for faculty and students of higher education. Links
to online learning materials are collected here along with annotations
such as peer reviews and assignments." History was added to Merlot
in 2000 and, listed under Humanities, now includes 211 selected sites.
You may also search the Merlot site; for instance, a search on American
History retrieves 44 materials.
The
Scout Report
The Scout Report Archives are a searchable
and browseable collection of over seven years' worth of critical annotations
of Internet sites, mailing lists, and other online resources carefully
selected by librarians and subject experts.
Selected Sites: A Sampling
Includes:
History of the United Kingdom: Primary DocumentsIn addition:
About -> History
-> European History
Alex Catalogue of Electronic
Texts
A collection of public domain documents from American
and English literature as well as Western philosophy. Allows browsing
and access by date.
Diary Research Website
"A guide to historical and literary sources, in the forms of Diaries
and Journals, from all periods and parts of the world which have been printed
in English..."
Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
Internet Archive of Texts and Documents
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: The Early Modern West
Internet Women's History Sourcebook: Early Modern Europe
Project Gutenberg
Collection of texts in electronic form; especially useful
to search by author. Also allows browsing by title or author.
Renascence Editions
An effort to make available online works printed in English
between the years 1477 (when Caxton began printing) and 1799; arranged
by author.
Tudor History
An individual interest site created by Lara Eakins; includes
biographical information, maps, chronologies, architecture, etc.
Virtual
Library History: Early Modern History
Includes, for example, numerous sources on the Reformation/Counterreformation;
some other sections, however, are not yet developed.
| 9. Bibliographic Organization and Management: Introduction to EndNote |
EndNote is a bibliographic management software program used to develop, organize and manipulate bibliographic citations and facilitate the production of bibliographies and the publication process. EndNote allows the user to create a "library" to store and manage citations, similar to a set of index cards but with much more organizational power and flexibility. Additionally, EndNote allows the user to export citations from many (but not yet all) catalogs and databases (including, thankfully, Historical Abstracts) directly into your "library" bibliography and from your "library" into a word processor. You can thus produce a bibliography or manuscript automatically incorporating citations in a variety of publication styles (e.g., Chicago, APA, or journal-specific).
EndNote has recently been installed in open-access library computer labs including Science Library Interactive Learning Center (ILC) Room 164, in the LL TEC, Room 228, and in the LL Multimedia Resource Center (MRC). It is also available for purchase at educational discount in UCI Bookstore; : approx. $109.95 for students (with ID); $199.95 for faculty and staff; $99 to upgrade if you have an earlier version. In addition, you can download a FREE full-featured 30-day trial version from the ISI/EndNote website: www.endnote.com/endemo.asp
Recommended EndNote Workshops Winter 2004:
Tuesday, January 27:
12:00-1:30 in Science Library ILC 164
Wednesday, February 25: 12:00-1:30 in Langson
Library TEC, Room 228
"Participants in this course will learn
the basics of Endnote by building a bibliographic database, by entering
references manually, and by
capturing citations from several databases.
More advanced features such as producing bibliographies and creating manuscripts
with properly
formatted references also will be covered."