Alice Waters, Ethics of Eating http://www.oversight.com/cityspirit/ideas.html

History 190E The Ethics and Ecology of Food Dr. Jeremy Korr Winter 2005 Library Research Guide

Librarian Contacts:

This guide is designed as an introduction to print and online resources critical for accessing materials in the UCI Libraries and beyond related to the topic of food ethics and ecology.  Despite its length :), it is extremely selective, both in terms of the sources cited and the strategies recommended.  All reference and "finding" sources listed are available at UCI; however, a number of these point to materials located at libraries, both real and virtual, beyond the borders of UCI.

• The guide is also linked from UCI Libraries / Services / Workshops and Classes / Library Instruction... /
  Webpages & Handouts    http://course.lib.uci.edu/
• You may connect to the resources included from on campus or Connect from Off-Campus

1. UCI Libraries Website and History Subject Guide
2. Sources for Historical Research
3. Good Research Skills
4. Sources for Topic Analysis
   1. Guides to the Literature, Encyclopedias and Other Reference Works
   2. Library of Congress Subject Headings
5. Monographs and Other Materials: Library Catalogs
   1. ANTPAC (Anteaters Public Access Catalog)
   2. MELVYL: UC Systemwide Catalog
   3. WorldCat
6. Articles: Periodical Indexing/Abstracting Services
7. Full-Text Journals on the Web
8. Specialized Internet Resources
9. Government Publications and Information
10. Selected Primary Sources and Special Collections and Archives
11. Creating and Managing Bibliographies: RefWorks
12. Further Information and Assistance

The UCI Libraries Website provides an organized gateway for research across the disciplines.  Your familiarity with this resource will save you time and potential frustrations in identifying research sources, services, and other useful information.

The section on Online Research and the Subject Guides are especially recommended.

*History Subject Guide*

Highly recommended guide to key resources for research in History; includes catalogs, indexes, online journals, and selected primary sources.  Probably the best beginning point for research in history. http://www.lib.uci.edu/online/subject/history.html

See also, as relevant for your research, Subject Guide for:
Government Information

and any other disciplines related to your topic.

Primary sources are firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation.  The nature and value of a source cannot be determined without reference to the topic and questions it is meant to answer.  The same document, or other piece of evidence, may be a primary source in one investigation and secondary in another.  The search for primary sources does not, therefore, automatically include or exclude any format of research materials or type of records, documents, or publications. Primary sources typically can include archives and manuscript material, photographs, letters and diaries, scrapbooks, newspapers and clippings, government publications, oral histories, magazines, published books, printed ephemera, and video and audio recordings.(adapted from a definition on the Yale University Library Web site)

Secondary sources are those that analyze, assess, or interpret a topic under investigation, often utilizing primary sources to do so.

Tertiary sources  are those that identify and located primary and secondary sources.  These includelibrary catalogs,  bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, encyclopedias, and other reference resources.

IMPORTANT:  Note that these categories are not mutually exclusive. A single item may be primary or secondary (or even tertiary) depending on your research topic and the use you make of that item.

Begin with topical analysis:

• What is your topic?
• Diagram your topic (who, what, why, when, where, and how).
• Make a list of keywords, synonyms, including names of people, events, places, etc. that may be relevant

• Research is an iterative process and the best researchers learn as they go.
• What resources and research tools have you used?
• What terms have/have not worked?
• What new names/terms have you encountered in your searches?

• Books: Author, title, place of publication, publisher, and date.
• Articles: Author, article title, journal title, volume, number, date, and pages
• Consider using RefWorks  or other  "bibliographic management" software to organize, annotate, and cite your references. 

• Start with a basic familiarity with the research tool you are using (online catalog, print index, internet)
  • What is its topical and chronological coverage?
  • How trustworthy is the information to which it provides access?
  • See also checklist: Approaching a New Database:  A Checklist
     
• Search Types and Features:
  In doing library-based research, there are three key approaches to identifying information and materials on a subject or topic: known item; keyword; and subject heading.  All are based on the "bibliographic record" for the book, article, or other item.

  1.  Known Item:
  A book you already have can provide leads to additional research sources:

  • Use the bibliography and footnotes to identify promising secondary and primary resources.
  • Search the title or author in ANTPAC or MELVYL, then link from the subject headings in the "bibliographic record" to expand your retrieval to related items.
          for example: Fast Food Nation
    
    
  2. Keyword:
  In most library catalogs and databases, searches for your key words usually drawn from the following data fields:
  • Books: title, series title, and/or subject heading words.
  • Articles: article title, subject heading, abstract if available.
  Keyword is the most flexible approach which usually produces the largest retrieval.

  Cautionary Note:

  • In some databases (ANTPAC included), you must use a single word, an exact phrase, or and between multiple words.
    Example: ethic* and food
  • In other databases (MELVYL included), the database automatically inserts an implicit and between multiple words and  you do not have to type these.
    Example: ethic* food
  It is important to know how the database you are using translates "keyword." If in doubt or you get a zero result, try both approaches.

  3. Subject Headings:
  A subject heading is a word or term that describes, often quite broadly, the contents of an information resource.  Most "authorized" headings for U.S. libraries are generally determined by the Library of Congress (LCSH).  In addition to usage in catalog records for books, videotapes, and other library resources, many abstracting and indexing databases of articles use LCSH as the basis for their subject indexing.

  Searches for subject heading(s) assigned by the Library of Congress or descriptors assigned by the index/database producer use a "controlled vocabulary."  The best way to identify subject heading(s) for your topic is to do a keyword search first, then note and link from subject headings of the most promising items.

  Remember: There are many different subject headings that deal with food history; use key word searches to identify the best ones for your topic.

  See also Section 4.2 below.

  4. Truncation:
  Use trucation symbols (usually *  or # or sometimes ?) building on the root of a word to expand your retrieval.

    Examples:
        histor*    =    history, historian, historical, historicism, etc.
        ethic*    =     ethic, ethics, ethical, etc.
        vegetar* =     vegetarian, vegetarians, vegetarianism
        but caution:
        rac*            =    race, racism, racist BUT also raccoon, racketeer, etc.

5. Combining Search Terms:
Using AND between terms will give you a smaller set of retrievals, while using OR will get you more retrievals.
Consult Boolean Searching  for a fuller explanation of this search strategy.

6. Limit Features:

• Use available limit features in the catalog or database to refine your search results.  You can usually limit by language and/or date, often by material/document type (e.g., film or media), sometimes by library location (e.g, Reference Collection) etc.
• Limiting result sets by dates can be a good approach when you are focusing on primary sources for a narrow time period; however, if you limit to specific publication date(s), you will miss primary sources that may be reprinted in later years.


7. Output/Sending Results:
Most catalogs and databases allow you to email, print, and/or download your search results.  If necessary, use any available help screens/features for instructions. Use these features to email and retain your promising search results.  Whenever possible include a subject line descriptive of your search strategy to identify your results and  help you track your research process.

Guides (or guides to the literature as they're sometimes called) provide the researcher with a basic introduction to the literature of a topic. Guides list important bibliographies, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, periodical indexes, manuscript and statistical finding aids, etc. They may be  a useful first step in beginning research, helpful both in acquainting the researcher with critical sources in the field and assisting in organization and evaluation of research strategies. In other words, guides offer a structured overview of an academic discipline.

Guides to the Literature

History:

• The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature. New York: Oxford, 1995. 2 vols. Ref. Z6201 .A55 1995
  The "bibliographic bible" for historians, although now somewhat dated.
• Handbook for Research in American History: A Guide to Bibliographies and other Reference Works. Francis Paul Prucha.  2d ed. Lincoln: Un. of Nebraska, 1994. Ref. Z1236 .P78 1994

              Especially:

• Cambridge World History of Food.  2 vols. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2000. SL Ref. TX353 .C255 2000
  Encyclopedia of Food and Culture.  3 cols. New York: Scribner, 2003.  Ref. GT2850 E53 2003

  Also:

• Encyclopedia of American Social History. 3 vols. Macmillan, 1993. Ref. HN57 .E58 1993
• A Historical Dictionary of Indian Food. K.T. Achaya. Delhi ; New York : Oxford University Press, c1998. Ref. TX724.5.A1 A24 1998
• Melting Pot: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Food and  Nutrition Information for Ethnic Groups in America. Jacqueline M. Newman.  New York : Garland Pub., 1993.  Ref. Z7914.F63 N48 1993.
• Nectar & Ambrosia : A Encyclopedia of Food in World Mythology.  Tamra Andrews. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2000.  Ref. GR498 .A53 2000.
• The Oxford Companion to Food. Alan Davidson.  Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1999.  Ref. TX349 .D36 1999.
• Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Timothy L. Gall, ed.  Detroit : Gale, c1998.  Ref. GN333 .W67 1998.

Although there are many sources for beginning to think about your topic and the various terms that might be used to represent it in indexes, bibliographies, databases, and catalogs, the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is a good place to start in tracking terms that are useful in your research.  LCSH is the basis for subject indexing of resources available in the ANTPAC (UCI) and MELVYL (UC-wide) library catalogs. Subject indexing terms can be a powerful search tool in many online catalogs and indexing databases, and  these same subject headings found in records for known items can lead serendipitously to other interesting resources.

Reminder: Subject headings, like all language and most everything in life (!), are socially and historically constructed; consider terminology for your topic broadly and deeply, e.g., African-Americans, Blacks, Negroes.

The following is a highly selective list of subject headings that might prove useful in looking for information resources related to food, history and society.

Tip: Finding the subheading terms "Sources" or "Archival resources" appended to any of the subject headings below on a record in an online catalog is an indication that the item you've found is substantially composed of primary source material.

• Aquaculture
• Aquaculture -- Asian, Southeastern -- History
  
• Deceptive advertising -- United States
  
• Diet -- United States -- History
• Dinners and dining
• Ethnic folklore -- United States
• Fast food restaurants
  
• Food
• Food -- Biotechnology
• Food -- Encyclopedias
• Food -- Folklore
• Food -- History
• Food -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Sources
• Food -- Political aspects
  
• Food habits -- China -- History
• Food habits -- Cross-cultural studies
• Food habits -- United States
• Food industry and trade -- United States
• Food -- Korea (South) -- History.
• Food -- Social aspects -- United States -- History -- 20th century
• Food relief
• Food supply
  
• Genetic engineering
• Genetically modified foods -- Moral and ethical aspects
• Hunger -- Political aspects
  
• Natural foods
  
• Nutrition policy -- Moral and ethical aspects
• Obesity -- United States
  
• Organic farming
• Vegetarianism
• Vegetarianism -- Moral and ethical aspects
  

• Lappe, Frances Moore
  
• United Nations
  

5.1. ANTPAC: UCI LIBRARIES CATALOG

ANTPAC provides quick and efficient access to the holdings of the UCI Libraries.  ANTPAC should be your first stop for accessing books, periodicals, media, and other research materials.

ANTPAC is available via a Web interface in the UCI Libraries as well as from home or office.  You can access ANTPAC via the UCI Libraries website (http://www.lib.uci.edu/) or directly (http://antpac.lib.uci.edu/).
 

5.2. MELVYL® CATALOG: UC SYSTEMWIDE CATALOG

If your ANTPAC search does not produce the desired results or you want to expand your retrieval of materials, you will want to search the holdings of other libraries, particularly other UC libraries. The California Digital Library (CDL) MELVYL® Catalog opens doors to worlds beyond UCI .

Request: You may also request  materials identified in a MELVYL® search through via the Request option (as long as they are not currently available at UCI). Keep in mind, however, that Interlibrary Loan (ILL) can occasionally be a slow process, best undertaken at the beginning of your research. The ten-week quarter makes few allowances for ILL, although the increased use of FAX and other electronic delivery systems does at least make acquiring journal articles from afar faster and easier.
 

5.3. WORLDCAT (WCAT)

Records from the worldwide OCLC Online Union Catalog for books, computer files, audiovisual materials, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, musical scores, etc., in a variety of languages.  (Also provides links to other databases of possible interest, e.g., ArticlesFirst, etc.)

General access to periodical indexes and abstracts is provided through the UCI Libraries Website: Article Databases.  Here you will find an alphabetical listing of all indexes and abstracts available through CDL or licensed directly by the UCI Libraries.  In addition, you can check the CDL list of databases available for History.

The following is a selective listing of indexes most useful for food history topics.

Note: Pay attention to the type and chronological scope of the database you are using as you select your search terms.
 

6.1. WEB-BASED INDEXES

6.1.1. History:

America: History and Life  (AHL) 1964-
The most authoritative listing of periodical literature, book and media reviews, and dissertations in United States and Canadian history.  Covers over 1,700 journals published worldwide.

Search Tips:

     Use Advanced Search
     Use Keyword Search to begin, then if desired:

• Limit by language
• Indicate Time Period: For example,  1950D. Click on magnifying glass icon to right of time period to browse options.
• Select document type: article
• Note subject headings (not LCSH, often quite general terms) and link to expand results if desired
• Note documentation
• Watch for links to full-text in JSTOR, etc, and/or  to link to UC library holdings and, possibly, full-text
• Email results to yourself:  change to full format and note your search strategy in subject line
  

Historical Abstracts (HA)  1955-
The "world's leading historical bibliography" covers the history of the world from 1450 to the present (excluding North America).  Includes English-language journals (1,700+), books, and disseratations.

    Search Tips: See above for AHL.

6.1.2. Multidisciplinary:

Expanded Academic Index ASAP  1980 - present
Provides multi-disciplinary coverage from arts and the humanities to social sciences, science and technology; inlcudes scholarly journals, news magazines, and newspapers - many with full text and images.

Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe
Nearly 5,000 publications span news, financial, medical, and legal information, the vast majority available in full text, with a limited number available in abstract form. Covers newspapers, magazines, wire services, federal and state court opinions, federal and state statutes, federal regulations, etc. News information is updated daily and wire services several times daily.

PCI: Periodical Contents Index  (PCI)  and PCI Full-Text  1770-1995.
An electronic index to the contents of 3,000+ periodicals in the humanities and social sciences , from their first issues to 1995.
PCI: Covers 37 key subject areas in the humanities and social sciences and currently indexes around 13.9 million articles dating from as early as the eighteenth
century up to 1995 .Cataloguing in PCI is not limited by date or by language. Over two centuries of scholarly publication in 40 languages and dialects are
indexed, including English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages.
PCI Full-Text: contains the contents of 259 journal runs, providing access to over 5.4 million article pages - representing over 860,000 articles. These are drawn from the 13 million-plus article citation records in the PCI index. PCI Full Text is on target to grow to 300 journals by the end of 2003.

Left Index.  1982- present
Provides access to "the diversity of literature on the left, with a primary emphasis on politically and culturally engaged scholarship inside and outside the academy and a secondary emphasis on significant but little known sources of news and ideas. Topics covered include politics, economics, the labor movement, ecology and environment, women's studies, race and ethnicity, social and cultural theory, sociology, art and aesthetics, philosophy, history, education, law, and globalization."

Reader's Guide Retrospective 1890-1982
Covers over 500 of  the most popular general-interest periodicals published in the United States, reflecting  the history of 20th century America.

Note: Using Indexes to Identify Primary Sources
Especially for contemporaneous  publications, the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature and the newspaper indexes cited below can serve as good topical indexes to what was being written about the events and subjects you are researching at the time they were actually happening.

6.1.3.  Selected Related Disciplines

Biology and Other Sciences:
     Biosis Previews 1969-

    Web of Science   1975-

Business:
    ABI INFORM

    Business Source Premier

Medcine:
    PubMed

Public Affairs:
    PAIS International

6.1.4. Newspapers:

Selected Current

Lexis/Nexis
Provides citations (often with full-text)  to Christian Science Monitor, LA Times, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post.

New York Times.  1999 - present  

Selected Historical (full-text)

Los Angeles Times Historical    1881-1937 (subsequent  years currently being loaded)

New York Times Historical  1851-1999

Wall Street Journal Historical   1889-1985  

Additional newspaper sources are available through NewsBank including:

Global NewsBank   1996-present
News articles covering politics, economics, culture, business, science, technology, and the environment from  Africa, Asia, Europe, the former Soviet Union, the Pacific Rim, Central and South America, and the Middle East.  All articles are in English and are from over 1000 translated broadcasts, news agency transmissions, wireservices, newspapers, magazines and government documents.  This product has a Source List.

Orange County Register (Santa Ana, CA) 1987-present
Complete full-text content of local and regional news, including community events, schools, politics,  government policies, cultural activities, local companies, state industries, and people in the community. Paid advertisements are excluded

Foreign Broadcast Information Service [FBIS] Electronic Index   1975-1996

See also:  UCI Libraries Website: News and Newspapers

Note:  For other web databases relevant to history research, see CDL History Databases Available to UC Irvine

Convenient access from:
    CDL: History,  Electronic Journals available to UC Irvine
    or
    UCI Libraries Website / Full-Text Journals

Specific Collections:

JSTOR   (Retrospective archive)
Provides searching and browsing access to the full text of back files of over 100 scholarly publications in dozens of academic disciplines, including History. Articles can be printed off using an Adobe PDF reader plug in to your Web browser (available on all public terminals in the UCI Libraries).
Note: for most journals, JSTOR does not include the latest 2-5 years, but often includes back issues from decades past.

History Titles Include:
 

American Historical Review  American Quarterly  Eighteenth-Century Studies  Journal of American History  Journal of Economic History  Journal of Military History  Journal of Modern History  Journal of Negro History

Journal of Southern History Journal of the History of Ideas  Renaissance Quarterly Reviews in American History Speculum: A Journal of Mediaeval Studies Studies in the Renaissance William and Mary Quarterly

Project Muse (Current)
Full text of over 40 journals in the humanities and social sciences published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Full text coverage varies by journal title but ranges from 1993 to the present. Links to the full text of many articles available in CDL-hosted databases.

Selected journals of interest include:
 

American Imago American Jewish History American Quarterly Eighteenth-Century Life

Eighteenth-Century Studies History and Memory Journal of the History of Ideas Reviews in American History

8. SPECIALIZED INTERNET RESOURCES

Although the Internet provides access to information resources that are often of dubious quality or authority, for historians there are a growing number of sites worth visiting.  Among the most useful are collections of primary documents, visual resources, and listservs where you can chat with colleagues around the world.

While Google (http://www.google.com/) can be an excellent internet search engine for finding resources, even better sometimes are searchable web directories, which provide sites that  have been reviewed and selected by historians, librarians, and other experts.  Such directories include:

• The Best of the History Sites An "award-winning portal created for students, history educators, and general history enthusiasts..."
  
  
• The Librarians Index to the Internet Searchable guide to high quality, non-commercial internet resources evaluated and selected by librarians.  Especially recommended.
  
  
• The Scout Report The Scout Report Archives are a searchable and browseable collection of over seven years' worth of critical annotations of Internet sites, mailing lists, and other online resources carefully selected by librarians and subject experts.
  

A sampling of interesting and perhaps informative Web sites relevant to food, identity, and society:

Ethics in Food and Agriculture : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Food and Eating: An Anthropological Perspective - By Robin Fox
Social Issues Research Centre, Oxford, UK

Food Ethics Council
"...develops tools to help make ethical thinking a standard practice in policy, business and everyday life. We work towards a food system that is fair, humane, secure and sustainable."

Food History
A directory listing of websites related to food history.

History Online: The History of Private Life: Food in America
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Organic Consumers Association

Resources for the Anthropological Study of Food Habits
A goldmine for bibliographical references related to food habits, ethnic food, etc.; well-maintained and current site.

Tufts Nutrition Navigator
Tufts School of Nutrition Science and Policy

The U.S. Government produces a mind-boggling amount of information including FDA publications and others related to food, nutrition and culture.    See:

If you want to use government information in your research, it would be a good idea, near the beginning of the quarter, to e-mail Kay Collins (kcollins@uci.edu), U.S. Government Information Librarian, regarding available information resources.
You can also limit your search retrieval sets in ANTPAC to items located in "MAIN-Govt Pubs" by selecting Government Info Collection or using the "Limit/Sort" button.

• Catalog of United States Government Publications.
• Congressional Universe--Congressional Indexes, 1789-1969.
  Online access to U.S. congressional indexes for published material and indexes to unpublished hearings.

Primary sources may include articles and advertising in popular magazines, media (film and television), and documentary films. For instance, the following list is a brief sampling of media sources available at UCI Libraries:

• Anatomy of a Springroll. created by Paul Kwan, Arnold Iger, Paul Lundahl ; written and directed by Paul Kwan and Arnold Iger.  New York, N.Y. : Filmakers Library, [1992] MRC F869.S39 V53 1992
  Paul Kwan, a Vietnamese immigrant, tells his story of finding a new life in San Francisco while maintaining his cultural connection through cooking, eating and sharing the rich and varied food of his native land. But an undercurrent of longing for the motherland culminates in a visit to Saigon where memory and reality are finally reconciled, and he is ready to return to his adoptive country.
• Animal Appetites. Directed by Michael Cho.  San Francisco, CA : CrossCurrent Media : Distributed by NAATA, c1991. MRC  E184.K45 A556 1991.
  Animal appetites is a wry look at the 1989 Long Beach trial of two Cambodian immigrants charged with killing a dog for food. With over 99 million cattle and 5.7 billion chickens consumed per year in the US, this humorous video poses the question, "Why all the fuss over one dog?" The story follows their trial on animal cruelty charges and examines the law prohibiting consumption of pets, passed as a result of the case.
• Autumn Moon. Directed by Clara Law ; screenplay and editing by Fong Ling Ching ; produced by Clara Law & Fong Ling Ching. New York : First Run Features, 1992.  MRC PN1997 .A988 1992. Clara Law's Autumn Moon is set in contemporary Hong Kong, where a young Japanese tourist is bargain-shopping and looking for food, sex, or preferably both. He meets a fifteen-year-old waif and the friendship that develops allows the young man's passion for food to be assuaged by the girl's grandmother, the wielder of a magic wok. But sex is a different matter than friendship-- which is what this film is really about.
• Bugs for Breakfast: Food and Culture. Lake Zurich, Ill. : Learning Seed, c2001  MRC GT 2850 B85 2001
  Multicultural look at how we eat
  
• Kimchi, The Taste of Korea Producer, Jae-Ha Baek, Ok-Young Kim ; directed by Jin-Seuk Park ; writer, Ye-Won Moon ; assistant writer, Yoo-Mi Kim [Seoul?] : Korean Overseas Culture and Information Service, c1999.  MRC TX806 .K54 1999.
  The story of kimchi, a Korean dish.
• Pins and Noodles. Written, produced & directed by Arnold Iger & Paul Kwan. New York, NY : Filmakers Library, c1998.  MRC R601 .P567 1998.
  Follows filmmaker Paul Kwan's quest to recover from a painful skin rash and later, a debilitating stroke, using both Western and traditional Chinese medicine; the latter includes acupuncture and foods and herbs used in Chinese culture for healing. The program is a lens through which to observe the healing power of food while affirming the importance of knowing the benefits of one's culture and perpetuating it.
• Slim Hopes: Advertising and the Obsession with Thinness.  Northampton, MA : Media Education Foundation, 1995.  MRC HF 582 S556 1995
  

The UCI Libraries recently began a campus-wide subscription to RefWorks, a web accessible resource that enables researchers to

• collect and manage citations to books, journal articles, conference proceedings, et cetera;
• format them according to precise styles (e.g., MLA, APA, Turabian, Chicago); and
• create a bibliography for use in a research paper or publication.

Because RefWorks is a web application, it is accessible from every campus computer and every off-campus computer that is connected to the campus network through the VPN and proxy server. You no longer need to purchase and download software in order to manage your citations*! Go to the RefWorks web site and begin by creating a user account.

To help you learn how to use RefWorks, the Libraries have created a RefWorks web page with links to helpful information, such as RefWorks user guides and tutorials. We will also be offering several RefWorks workshops.

The Libraries will continue to support EndNote, a similar application. Currently the Libraries provide access to EndNote version 6 in the Multimedia Resources Center (MRC), Langson Library Technology Enhanced Classroom (TEC), Interactive Learning Center (ILC), and in the Grunigen Medical Library at the UCI Medical Center. Students, faculty and staff may buy their own copy of EndNote at the UCI Computer Store.

12.1. Further Tips on Beginning Your Research

12.2. Ask a Librarian: Live and Email