Creating Bibliographies and Working with Manuscripts Using EndNote:

1. Review: Building Your Library
2. Review: Connecting,  Exporting, and Importing
3. Working within a Library
4. Creating Bibliographies
5. Working with a Manuscript: "Cite as You Write"

1. Review: Building Your Library
1.1. Adding Citations

There are 3 ways to add citations to your library:

1. manual input
2. connection file feature (section # 2.1 below)
3.  importing from a database (section #s 2.2. and 2.3 below)

1. From the References menu select New.
2. Select the appropriate Reference Type from the pull down menu.
3. Fill in the fields. Use the tab key to move to the next field; use the enter key to add second author, etc.
4. Author entry tip: Type the author's family name first, followed by a comma and initials or given name, eg Bruce, C.D. or Bruce, C D or Bruce, Christine.
5. When done, close the New Reference box to add the citation to the library.
6. Select New from References menu as above or right mouse click and select New.

EndNote offers three options for transferring groups of references retrieved from online bibliographic databases into your EndNote library:

• Connect;
• Direct Export; and
• Export/Import Using Database Filters

2.1. Connection Files

Example:

1. From the Tools menu, click on Connect.
2. Click on Find and Select Antpac.
3. Select Antpac file and click Connect.
4. From the pull down menu, select keywords (or other field to search).

Note: Notice how few features are available here.
Click on Insert Fields button to add more field options.
5. Click on Perform Search button.
6. A status box will show the number of citations retrieved. Click OK.  The references will be copied into a temporary location.  This gives you the opportunity to review your result and delete those you do not want to import into your library.
7. To copy references to your library, click on the Copy All References To button at top and select the library. The newly copied references will be highlighted.
8. From the File menu, select Close Connection and discard the references from this temporary holding place. Close the search box.

Some databases like Current Contents and the MLA provide additional functionality with EndNote by offering the direct export option.

Current Contents  via OVID

1. Go to UCI Libraries website, Article Databases,  and select Current Contents (via Ovid).
2. Complete search on the keywords (or other desired search fields).
3. Once your search is completed, scroll to bottom of results page. In the Citation Manager:
4. Select citations; fields: complete reference; citation format: direct export; action: save.
5. Choose Destination: EndNote 6 and click OK (note: this may happen automatically)
6. Select desired Reference Library and click on Open
7. Citations will be added to your library: "showing # out of # references"
8. Display your full library. Note: EndNote will display only the references you currently imported. To display all the references in the open library, from the References menu select Show All.

In this method, you first need to search a bibliographic database and save references to a file in a EndNote-friendly format. You will then use an import filter to add the references to an EndNote library.

This procedure varies depending on the source. See below for specific examples. The basic steps are always:

    1. Select the records from the bibliographic database
    2. Save these records as a text (.txt) files
    3. Import the file into your EndNote library using a filter appropriate to the file source.

2.3.1. Downloading citations from America: History and Life database.

Note: You also use Historical Abstracts and follow the same steps outlined below.

1. Minimize your EndNote window then click on Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer on your desktop.
2. From UCI Libraries Web page (http://www.lib.uci.edu/), go to America: History and Life (or Historical Abstracts):
• Option 1: Subject Guides > History > Key History Sites > America: History and Life and Historical Abstracts
• Option 2: Online Research > Article Databases. Select America: History and Life or Historical Abstracts (databases listed alphabetically by title).
3. Perform a keyword search (or other desired search type).
4. At brief citation(s) display, tag/mark the citations you want to download (or leave alone if you want all of them) then click on the Output Options button.
5. Change the Citation format option to Full entry (to get abstract, etc.)
6. Request Entry: select All Entries or Tagged Entries (depending on your choice in #4 above)
7. Output type: Select ASCII
8. Click Submit bar.
9. Text of your result entries will appear.  From File menu of your browser, select save as...

Save your search to your disk in the A drive and type a file name (for example, feministhistory.txt), using .txt as a file name extension. Select Text File (*.txt) from the Save as type option. Click Save.

1. Go to EndNote and open your library.
2. From the File menu, select Import.        The Import window will open.
3. In the Import Data File: field select the file you downloaded from AHL by clicking on the Choose File... button then going to A drive, selecting [filename].txt, then click on Open.
4. In the Import Option field, you need to select the filterthat matches your database to correctly import your references.

(For example, if you downloaded citations from abc-clio America: History and Life, you need to select the corresponding filter for the database.)
5. Select Other Filters... from the pull-down menu then find and select abc-clio.
6. Select America History and Life
7. Click on the Choose button.
8. Under Duplicates, make the desired choice, e.g., discard duplicates, and click on the Import button.

Sometimes it is helpful to add fields to imported citations. As your library grows it will be important to be able to sort and manage citations easily.  You may, for instance, want to flag citations that you import from a specific databased, e.g., America: History and Life as above.  In the example below, you can use one of the available Custom Fields to indicate the source database for citations.

1. From the References menu select Change Field...
2. The Change Field window will appear.
3. Select Custom 1 from the In pull down menu.
4. Select Replace Whole Field With: and type AHL into the box.

Note: EndNote will display only the references you currently imported. To display all the references in the open library, from the References menu select Show All.

2.3.3. Save your revised and expanded library to your disk in the A drive.

2.4. Which method should I use?

Connection files are recommended for known item searching or very simple, straightforward searches. For a complete and/or more complex search, it is best to search using the database's own interface, and then use Direct Export if available or Export/ Import the results into EndNote. Some databases will require a password to use the Connect function. In those cases, use the Import feature.

Depending on the database you wish to search, you may find neither a connection file nor import filter exists; or, if the file exists, it does not work properly. Check the EndNote support pages for additional options. You can also build your own filters (refer to EndNote manual) or send a message to the listserv below or ISI Researchsoft requesting desired filters (see section #6 below).

3. Working Within a Library

3.1. Navigating in the Library Window:

• To quickly select a particular reference in the list, type the first few letters of the item you want to find. Selection by typing is made using the column that has been used to sort the references. Normally, the reference list is sorted by author, and selection works best in this case.
• To sort the reference list, click the column header of the field you want to sort; clicking the column header again reverses the sort order.  Choose References:Sort References to sort on fields that are not displayed, or to sort using more than one field.
• To scroll the list, use the scroll bar or the  page up or page down keys.
• To select a reference, click on the reference with the mouse. You may select more than one record by holding down the Ctrl key while clicking the mouse, and you may select a range of references by holding the Shift key while dragging the mouse over the desired range.
• To view or change a reference, double-click the desired reference. If multiple references are selected, all selected references (to a maximum of 10) will be opened.
• Selected references may be copied, pasted, or deleted while in the library window.
• References may be copied between libraries by dragging and dropping.

     You can easily search for references within a library.

1. From the References menu in your library, select Search References.
2. Choose a field to search and the desired action, e.g., contains, etc.

For example: contains keywords nation OR keywords national OR keywords nationalism
Notice that you can search within virtually any field in an EndNote record, including abstracts and notes.  This might be another very useful way to use EndNote to keep track of your research and writing process.
For more information, see the EndNote tip sheet for searching .

1. EndNote Preferences from the Edit Menu allows you to customize many aspects of the program including, using "Display Fields," the choice of up to 5 fields that will display in the library window. Once the field is displayed in the library window, you can easily sort the records by that field -- e.g., keywords, publisher, etc. in addition to the default author, title, and date. To sort the reference list, click the column header of the field you want to sort; clicking the column header again reverses the sort order.
2. Choose References...Sort Library to sort on fields that are not displayed, or to sort using more than one field.

EndNote allows you to create bibliographies automatically in your word processor. Using the Add-in you can insert citations and format bibliographies from within Word and WordPerfect. When you install the program, EndNote commands will appear under Word's or WordPerfect's Tools menu.

EndNote allows you to choose from a variety of citation styles  in which to format your bibliography--not only general sytles (e.g., MLA, Chicago, Turabian, APA), but also journal-specific styles (e.g., American Historical Review and Journal of American History).   Because different publications require different styles (Chicago, MLA, etc.) EndNote can create output in a large number of predefined formats.

From the EndNote File menu, choose Output Styles and then select Open Style Manager to see available citation styles. Place a check in the box next to those styles you want to use (these will be saved in a convenient menu of your "favorites").

4.1. Example of Setting Styles:

1. Before you create a bibliography, you must first define your publication style.
2. From the Edit menu, go to Output Styles... and Open Style Manager...
3. Click on the Find: button. The styles are arranged by discipline. Select Humanities.
4. Mark the box in front of Chicago 14th A. (Note 1: Chicago 14th A includes both footnotes and bibliography; Chicago 14th B does not include footnotes.)
5. Find MLA (Hint: listed under Language and Linguistics) and mark it, then close the Style Manager.
6. Click on the Output Styles (from the Edit menu) again to verify that your styles have been selected (indicated by a check mark).

After you have selected the desired style(s), you are ready to create the bibliography; there are two ways to do this:

Option 1: Copy Formatted
1. From the EndNote Edit menu, select your desired output style.
2. Select the items you wish to include in your printed bibliography (you may use select all if desired).
3. From the Edit menu, select Copy Formatted
4. Open Word, create a new document, and then select paste from the Edit menu.  The references you selected from EndNote will be copied into your document with the formatting of your selected style.
Option 2: Export
1. From the Edit menu, select your desired output style.
2. Select the items you wish to include in your printed bibliography.
3. From the File menu, select Export. Only the citations in this retrieved set will be included in the export.
4. Save the file as a .rtf file.

Note: RTF (Rich Text Format) is a format that can be read by either Word or WordPerfect
5. Go to Microsoft Office folder on your desktop, open Word and open the saved file.
6. Note: you may have to change the Files of Type pull down menu to All Files (*.*) to show the .rtf files

One of the most useful features of EndNote is the ability to create in-text citations and bibliographies for manuscripts. When you install the program, EndNote commands will automatically appear under Word's Tools menu.  Using the Add-in feature you can insert citations and format bibliographies from within Word.

After selecting the output style, you can format your entire manuscript in the pre-formatted style. It is easy to re-format the paper later for another style.  You can also create custom styles as desired.

Example:

1. Go to the the bottom of this guide to theManuscript/Text example.
2. Select/highlight  and copy this text.
3. Minimize EndNote and open Word from Microsoft Office folder on the desktop.
4. Paste the example text into Word and save as file: e.g., TransLit.doc.

5.1. "Cite as You Write":

Setting Styles:

Before you cite references or create a bibliography, you must first define your publication style.

In the EndNote Edit menu, choose Output Styles and then select Open Style Manager to see available citation styles. Place a check in the box next to those styles you want to use.  For example:

1. From the Edit menu, go to Output Styles... and Open Style Manager...
2. Click on the Find: button. The styles are arranged by discipline. Select Humanities.
3. Mark the box in front of Chicago 14th A. (Note 1: Chicago 14th A includes both footnotes and bibliography; Chicago 14th B does not include footnotes.)
4. Find MLA (Hint: listed under Language and Linguistics) and mark it, then close the Style Manager.

Click on the Output Styles (from the Edit menu) again to verify that your styles have been selected (indicated by a check mark).

To insert a citation at a particular location in the manuscript, several options also are available:

Option 1:

1. Put the cursor where you want to insert the citation.
2. From the Word Tools menu select Go to EndNote.
3. From the File menu in EndNote select Open. Open your EndNote library.
4. Select a citation that you want to insert.
5. From the Add-in menu select Insert Citation(s). The reference should now be inserted where you last positioned the cursor, and you should be returned to your Word document.
   
   
Option 2:  See EndNote 6 TipsL Creating Bibliographies: Attached

1. From the Tools menu (in Word) select Format Bibliography.
2. A style confirmation dialog box appears, prompting you to choose a bibliographic style for the paper.
3. Select MLA and click on Format. It will replace the in-text citations with numbers and create a numbered bibliography at the end of the paper.
4. Now, delete the bibliography you just created and change to a different style (e.g. Numbered)  and note different format and appearance.
5. You can format the document in more than 300 different styles. To select other styles, from the File menu (in EndNote), select Output Styles, and then go to Open Style Manager.

5.2. Footnotes:

Once you have created a footnote or an endnote in your word processing document, you can cite references in the footnotes or endnotes just like you cite them in the body of the text.

1. Create the footnote or endnote using the appropriate command in Word. (EndNote does not actually create the footnote or endnote in the document, but it is used to insert and format the citations in the notes.)
2. Position the cursor in the footnote or endnote in your paper where you would like the citation(s) to appear.
3. In your EndNote library, select the reference(s) that you would like to cite.
4. Choose Insert Citation(s) from EndNote’s Add-in menu or from the word processor’s Tools menu
5. To include specific page numbers to reference in a footnote, simply enter the page number preceded by “@” at the end of the temporary citation:   [Smith, 1999 #24 @145-6]

Manuscript/Text:  Example Word Document

from: Amireh, Amal.  "Writing the Difference: Feminists' Invention of the 'Arab Woman'."  In: Interventions: Feminist Dialogues on Third World Women's Literature and Film.  Edited by Bishnupriya Ghosh and Brinda Bose.  Garland, 1997.  p. 185.

Note: sample text below is for illustrative and practice purposes only; citations we will add from EndNote library are purely fictional examples.

One of the most important developments in feminist theory and practice has been the challenge from within feminism itself to the limitations of the white, middle-class, heterosexual feminism dominant in the Euro-American academy.  At the center of this challenge has always been the question of "representation" in both its political (who speaks for/instead of whom) and its aesthetic sense (the production of images of other women).  Both kinds of representation are interlinked, of course.  Middle-class Western feminists claimed political representation of women--the right to speak for them--by constructing the image of a universal womanhood that privileged categories of gender and erased those of race and class.  Third World women, located both in the First World and the Third World, contributed significantly to what has been a productive and  invigorating debate.  Although the study of Arab women has benefited greatly from these debates, this essay will show that despite the new developments in feminist scholarship, obsolete paradigms and categories of analysis persist and even dominate when the subject of study is Arab women.