EndNote is one of two bibliographic management software programs now available at UCI. Bibliographic management software allows you to store, manipulate, and automatically format citations for the materials referenced in your research. Using either EndNote or RefWorks, you can import citations from library databases, format them into a completed bibliography, and insert them into a paper. Choose the program that most closely matches your needs.

RefWorks (New!) is a basic web-based program that, as of January 2005, is freely available online to UCI  students, faculty and staff. It serves the needs of most undergraduates and those not needing to manage an extensive bibliography.

• Develop, organize, annotate, and manipulate bibliographic citations and
• Facilitate the production of manuscripts and the publication process.

• Transfer groups of references retrieved from online bibliographic databases into your EndNote database.
• Create bibliographies automatically in your word processor drawing from your EndNote library(s).
• "Cite as you write" in developing papers or manuscripts for publication.
• Share a paper and references cited by colleagues through the "Traveling Library" feature.
• With  EndNote 6 (or 7or 8, the latest version),  you can also organize generic images (e.g., JPEG, TIFF, BMP) or application file (e.g., Excel, Powerpoint) along with traditional text references.

Tip: Take some time to familiarize yourself with the EndNote website especially the Support & Services section which provides updates, new journal citation styles, database filters, etc.  (See further information and links at the end of this guide.)

Contents:

1. Creating a Library
2. Connecting,  Exporting and Importing   
3. Working Within a Library
4. Creating a Bibliography
5. Working with a Manuscript
6. Online Assistance
7. Other Useful Links

EndNote allows you to create "library" databases of various types of materials including books, journal articles, audiovisual materials, conference proceedings, electronic sources, artwork, personal communications, maps, computer programs, among others.

We will create a library with citations on the topic of Feminist History

• Open EndNote
• Click on Create a New EndNote Library.
• Name the new file FemHist and click on Save.
• A new library will be created with 0 references ("showing 0 out of 0 references" noted at bottom).

From the Help menu:

• To browse through topics by category, select Contents.
  • To see a list of index entries, click the Index tab, and then either type a word or scroll through the list.
  • To search for words or phrases that may be contained in a Help topic, click the Find tab.
• From Help menu, select Search for Help on.... to find instructions on a specific topic or feature.

There are 4 ways to add citations to your library:

1. manual input
2. connection file feature (section # 2.1 below)
3. direct import from a database (section # 2.2 below)
   
4. importing from a database using a "filter" (section # 2.3 below)

1.1.1. Adding Manually

This option is most often used to add citations to articles/books that you own or that you identify through a database or other source that does not (yet?) provide EndNote connection or import capabilitiy. Usually they are articles kept in a paper file or are references in another electronic format, such as a Word bibliography.  Unfortunately, there is not (yet?) a direct way to import a WORD file into EndNote.

To add a new reference:

1. From the References menu select New.
2. Select the appropriate Reference Type from the pull down menu.
3. Fill in the fields. Use the tab key to move to the next field; use the enter key to add second author, etc.
4. Author entry tip: Type the author's family name first, followed by a comma and initials or given name, eg Bruce, C.D. or Bruce, C D or Bruce, Christine.
5. When done, close the New Reference box (click on X in upper right corner) to add the citation to the library.
6. Select New from References menu as above or right mouse click and select New.

Scott, Joan Wallach. Gender and the Politics of History. Rev. ed.  New York : Columbia University Press, c1999.

Note the many other possible fields in a record (e.g, translator, abstract, notes, URL, etc. ). You can use the Notes field to take notes on items; in EndNote 6.0, it will hold up to 32,000 characters which is equivalent to about 8 pages of single-spaced text.   In Version 8.0, fields are unlimited.

EndNote offers three options for transferring groups of references retrieved from online bibliographic databases into your EndNote library:

• Connect;
• Direct Export; and
• Export/Import Using Database Filters

The Connect feature allows you to search a remote database from within the EndNote program (instead of connecting from your Web browser; see #2.2 below). Although the search options within the connection files are limited, there are times when this feature is sufficient and quite useful.

Note: The Connect option is not available for all databases. In fact, the connection file for ANTPAC does not come with the EndNote software; you will need to create this new connection file on your own workstation.  Simply follow the straightforward instructions on Attachment #2.  See also section 2.3.1 below for other ANTPAC options.  Additional caveat:  I have found connection files often do not work as expected.  Often better to use direct export (where available) or filters instead (see below).

Example:

1. From the Tools menu, click on Connect.
2. Click on Find and Select Antpac 
3. Select Antpac file and click Connect. 
   
4. From the pull down menu, select any field and type feminist in top box and any field historiography in second box. Change the "boolean operator" to and.  
   Note: Keyword searching does not seem to work well with connection files; Use any field instead. Also, notice how few features are available here.
5. Click on Perform Search button.
6. A status box will show the number of citations retrieved. Click OK.  The references will be copied into a temporary location. This gives you the opportunity to delete those you do not want to import into your library.
7. To copy references to your library, click on the Copy All References To button at top and select the library. The newly copied references will be highlighted.
8. From the File menu, select Close Connection and discard the references from this temporary holding place. Close the search box.
9. From the File menu, Open your Feminist History library.
10. From References menu:  select Find Duplicates and delete these if any.
11. Select one of the references from your library and view the full record.  (What fields (information) have been imported?  Where did the Keywords field come from? What fields might you find useful to add?)
12. Note: Under normal circumstances, you will, of course, want to carefully review the references that do not match your research interest.

Some databases like the MLA provide additional functionality with EndNote by offering the direct export option.

MLA via OVID

1. Go to UCI Libraries website, Article Databases,  and select MLA Bibliography (via Ovid).
2. Complete search on the keyword phrase Feminist History.
3. Once your search is completed, scroll to bottom of results page. In the Citation Manager:
4. Select citations; fields: complete reference; citation format: direct export; action: save.
5. Choose Destination: EndNote 6 and click OK (note: this may happen automatically)
6. Select desired Reference Library: Feminist History and click on Open
7. Citations will be added to your Feminist History library: "showing # out of # references"
8. Display your full library. Note: EndNote will display only the references you currently imported. To display all the references in the open library, from the References menu select Show All.

In this method, you first need to search a bibliographic database and save references to a file in a EndNote-friendly format. You will then use an import filter to add the references to an EndNote library.
This procedure varies depending on the source. See below for specific examples. The basic steps are always:

    1. Select the records from the bibliographic database
    2. Save these records as a text (.txt) files
    3. Import the file into your EndNote library using a filter appropriate to the file source, i.e., the database you searched.

FAQs:
Why is a filter needed for importing?
In order for an import to work properly EndNote needs to know exactly what data to put into what field; for example, the article title into the Title field, the author's name into the Author field etc. Because there is no standard way of presenting records in bibliographic databases EndNote requires translation of the format used by the each particular database. The filter does this translation.  EndNote comes with a supply of filters for a large range of databases, but not all databases of interest have filters.  Check the EndNote website for filters updates.

When is a filter not required?

• When the database offers Direct Export as in 2.2.1. above e.g., MLA and Web of Science.
• When you search a database or library catalog through the EndNote search interface. By using a 'remote connection' to an external database, retrieved records can be imported directly into your library (see 2.1. Connection Files above).

1. Minimize your EndNote window then click on Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer on your desktop.
2. From UCI Libraries Web page (http://www.lib.uci.edu/), click on ANTPAC Catalog.
3. Execute a search, e.g.,  keyword feminist and history
4. Save all results on the first page (click on top bar: Save All On Page); this exports these items into memory
5. Click on View Saved button at top of page, then on Export Saved button.
6. Select Format of List: End-Note and Send List To: Local Disk
7. Click on Submit and Save File to Desktop naming it FemHist.txt  (note: it must be saved as a text file)

1. Go to EndNote. You should be in FemHist.enl library.
2. From the File menu, select Import...          The Import window will open.
3. In the Import Data File: field select the file you downloaded from ANTPAC by clicking on the Choose File... button then going to A drive, selecting FemHist.txt, then click on Open.
4. In the Import Option field, use EndNote Import (should be default).
5. Under Duplicates, make the desired choice, e.g., discard duplicates, and click on the Import button.  Your items should import into your EndNote library.

1. Minimize your EndNote window then click on Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer on your desktop.
2. From UCI Libraries Web page (http://www.lib.uci.edu/), go to Subject Guides then History.
3. Select America: History and Life from the top key resources.
4. In Advanced Search, do a keyword search on Feminist History and limit to time period 1950s and language English.
5. At brief citation(s) display, tag/mark the citations you want to download (or leave alone if you want all of them) then click on the Output Options button.
6. Change the Citation format option to Full entry (to get abstract, etc.)
7. Request Entry: select All Entries or Tagged Entries
8. Output type: Select ASCII (default)
9. Click Submit bar.
10. Text of entries will appear.  From File menu of your browser, select save as...
    Save your search to your disk in the A drive and type a file name (for example, femhist.txt), using .txt as a file name extension. Select Text File (*.txt) from the Save as type option. Click Save.

1. Go to EndNote. You should be in FemHist.enl library.
2. From the File menu, select Import...          The Import window will open.
3. In the Import Data File: field select the file you downloaded from AHL by clicking on the Choose File... button then going to A drive, selecting femhist.txt, then click on Open.
4. In the Import Option field, you need to select the appropriate filter to correctly import your references.
   Since you downloaded citations from abc-clio America: History and Life, you need to select the corresponding filter for the database.
5. Select abc-clio or if not listed,
6. select Other Filters... from the pull-down menu then click on find button and select abc-clio. Select America History and Life and click on the Choose button.
7. Under Duplicates, make the desired choice, e.g., discard duplicates, and click on the Import button.

Sometimes it is helpful to add fields to imported citations. As your library grows it will be important to be able to sort and manage citations easily.

1. Display the feminism citations above.
2. From the References menu select Change Field and Move Fields
3. The Change Field window will appear.
4. Select Custom 1 from the In pull down menu.
5. Select Replace Whole Field With: and type AHL 1.25.05 into the box.

Note: Remember EndNote will display only the references you currently imported. To display all the references in the open library, from the References menu select Show All.

2.3.4. Save your revised and expanded library to your disk in the A drive or to Desktop.

Connection files are sometimes useful for known item searching or very simple, straightforward searches. For a complete and/or more complex search, it is best to search using the database's own interface, and then use Direct Export if available or Export/ Import the results through a filter into EndNote. 

Depending on the database you wish to search, you may find neither a connection file nor import filter exists; or, if the file exists, it does not work properly. Check the EndNote support pages for additional options. You can also build your own filters (refer to EndNote manual) or send a message to the listserv below or ISI Researchsoft requesting desired filters (see section #6 below).

3. Working Within a Library

Searching:
    You can search for references within a library.

1. From the References menu, select Search References.
2. Choose a field to search and the desired action, e.g., contains, etc.
   Example: contains title feminism OR title gender OR title women.  (Note you must Add Fields)
   For more information, see the EndNote tip sheet for searching .

EndNote allows you to create bibliographies automatically in your word processor. You can insert citations and format bibliographies from within Word or WordPerfect. When you install the program, EndNote commands will appear under Word's or WordPerfect's Tools menu.

EndNote allows you to choose from a variety of citation styles (e.g., MLA, Chicago, Turabian, APA) in which to format your bibliography. Because different publications require different styles (Chicago, MLA, etc.) EndNote can create output in a large number of predefined formats.

From the Edit menu, choose Output Styles and then select Open Style Manager to see available citation styles. Place a check in the box next to those styles you want to use (see example below).

4.1. Example of Setting Styles:

1. Before you create a bibliography, you must first define your publication style.
2. From the Edit menu, go to Output Styles... and Open Style Manager...
3. Click on the Find: button. The styles are arranged by discipline. Select Humanities.
4. Mark the box in front of Chicago 14th A. (Note in Comments Box: Chicago 14th A includes both footnotes and bibliography; Chicago 14th B does not include footnotes.)
5. Find MLA (Hint: listed under Language and Linguistics) and mark it, then close the Style Manager.
6. Click on the Output Styles (from the Edit menu) again to verify that your styles have been added to the (more immediately accessible) favorites menu.  Select the desired citation output style.

After you have selected the desired style(s), you are ready to create the bibliography.

1. Select your desired style.
2. Select the items you wish to include in your printed bibliography.
3. We will select all citations previously flagged with AHL in the Custom 1 field.
4. From the References menu, select Search References.
5. Select Custom 1 from the pull down menu and type AHL.
6. Click on Search.
7. From the File menu, select Export. Only the citations in this retrieved set will be included in the export.
8. Name the file AHLBibliog and save the file as a .rtf file.
   [Note: RTF (Rich Text Format) is a format that can be read by either Word or WordPerfect.]
9. Go to Microsoft Office folder on your desktop, open Word and open the saved file. It should appear as a bibliography in the citation style you selected.
   Note: you may have to change the Files of Type pull down menu to All Files (*.*) to show the .rtf files.

One of the most useful features of EndNote is the ability to create in-text citations and bibliographies for manuscripts. After selecting the style folder, you can format your entire manuscript in the pre-formatted style. It is easy to re-format the paper later for another style.

Example:

1. Go to the the bottom of this guide to the to the Manuscript/Text example.
2. Select and copy this text.
3. Minimize EndNote and open Word from Microsoft Office folder on the desktop.
4. Paste the example text into Word and save as file: femhist.doc.

1. Put the cursor where you want to insert the citation.
2. Click on the Go to EndNote icon in tool bar..
3. From the File menu in EndNote select Open. Open the Feminist History library (if not already open).
4. From the EndNote Edit menu select your desired output style.
5. Select a citation that you want to insert.
6. Return to Word and click on  Insert Selected Citation icon. The reference should now be inserted where you last positioned the cursor, formatted according to the style you selected.
7. Do this for several more citations (time permitting).

1. From your Word document, click on the Format Bibliography icon (or f rom the Tools menu, select EndNote 6 then Format Bibliography.
2. A style confirmation dialog box appears (albeit sometimes slowly), prompting you to choose a bibliographic/output style for the paper.
3. Select Numbered style and click on Format. It will replace the in-text citations with numbers and create a numbered bibliography at the end of the paper.
4. Now, change the bibliography  to a different style (e.g. MLA)  and note different format and appearance.
5. You can format the document in more than 300 different styles. Reminder: To select other styles, from the  File menu (in EndNote), select Output Styles, and then go to Open Style Manager.

Helpful hints:

 
• Footnotes: The EndNote manual and the Online Help provide instructions for citing references in footnotes and endnotes.
  Once you have created a footnote or an endnote in your word processing document, you can cite references in the footnotes or endnotes just like you cite them in the body of the text.
  1. Create the footnote or endnote using the appropriate command in Word or WordPerfect. (EndNote does not actually create the footnote or endnote in the document, but it is used to insert and format the citations in the notes.)
  2. Position the cursor in the footnote or endnote in your paper where you would like the citation(s) to appear.
  3. Go to EndNote and select the reference(s) that you would like to cite.
  4. Choose Insert Selected Citation(s) from EndNote’s Tools/Cite While You Write menu.
   
  • For more information on footnotes, use the HELP in EndNote: Help/Search for Help on.../Footnotes

In addition to the internal Help feature described in section #1 above, EndNote offers a wide range of other useful assistance.

6.1. EndNote Tip Sheets:

Creating Bibliographies
Organizing Your References
Importing Data into EndNote
Searching for References within the EndNote Database
Searching Remote Databases
Customizing the Library Window

6.2. EndNote 4 Interactive Tutorial
 "An interactive tutorial designed to familiarize users with the primary features of EndNote 4. This tutorial is ideal for users, trainers, or librarians interested in learning how EndNote can ease the hassles of online searching, paper writing, and referencing. It's easy to use: simply click on the images below to get started. Shockwave Plug-in required."

6.3. EndNote Users Listserv Highly recommended!
This email list, maintained and moderated by ISI ResearchSoft, provides you with a place to interact with other users of EndNote.  It's a great place to ask questions, make suggestions, and get advice on any EndNote related topic.   To join, click on link above and follow subscribing instructions.
In addition, an archive with search capability of EndNote list messages is available @ http://lists.adeptscience.co.uk/endnote/

6.4. Company Contacts and Technical Support

ISI ResearchSoft Contact Information
http://www.endnote.com/encontact.asp

EndNote Technical Support Information
http://www.endnote.com/support/ensupport.asp
 
 

7. Other Useful Links

EndNote Import Filters
www.endnote.com/support/enfilters.asp
Import filters are the files used by EndNote to decipher information that has been downloaded from an online or CD-ROM database. You can customize any of these import filters or create your own. Listed below are EndNote import filters available for downloading.
Note: By clicking on the new Filtering Options tab below you can select EndNote Filters for the data provider (e.g. abc-clio or Ovid) that most interests you.

EndNote Connection Files: Style Finder
www.endnote.com/support/enstylesfinder.asp
Note: By clicking on the new Filtering Options tab below you can select EndNote Styles for the discipline (e.g. Humanities) that most interests you.

EndNote Journal Styles
http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp

from: Amireh, Amal.  "Writing the Difference: Feminists' Invention of the 'Arab Woman'."  In: Interventions: Feminist Dialogues on Third World Women's Literature and Film.  Edited by Bishnupriya Ghosh and Brinda Bose.  Garland, 1997.  p. 185.

Note: sample text below is for illustrative and practice purposes only; citations we will add from EndNote library are purely fictional examples.
 

One of the most important developments in feminist theory and practice has been the challenge from within feminism itself to the limitations of the white, middle-class, heterosexual feminism dominant in the Euro-American academy.  At the center of this challenge has always been the question of "representation" in both its political (who speaks for/instead of whom) and its aesthetic sense (the production of images of other women).  Both kinds of representation are interlinked, of course.  Middle-class Western feminists claimed political representation of women--the right to speak for them--by constructing the image of a universal womanhood that privileged categories of gender and erased those of race and class.  Third World women, located both in the First World and the Third World, contributed significantly to what has been a productive and  invigorating debate.  Although the study of Arab women has benefited greatly from these debates, this essay will show that despite the new developments in feminist scholarship, obsolete paradigms and categories of analysis persist and even dominate when the subject of study is Arab women.