History 203
First Year Research Seminar:
Cold War Culture

J. Wiener
Winter 2004

Library Research Guide

 
Librarian Contacts:

Joan Ariel 
Research Librarian for History 
and Women's Studies 
386 Langson Library 
824-4970 
jariel@uci.edu


 

Bill Landis 
Manuscripts Librarian 
Special Collection and Archives 
500 Langson Library 
824-3113 
blandis@uci.edu


 
 

Kay Collins 
U.S. Government Information Librarian 
108 Langson Library 
824-7290 
kcollins@uci.edu


This guide is designed as an introduction to print and online resources critical for accessing materials in the UCI Libraries and beyond.  It is extremely selective, both in terms of the sources cited and the strategies recommended.  All reference and "finding" sources listed are available at UCI.
General Resources to Begin
Guide Contents
 
1. SOURCES FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Tertiary sources include bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, encyclopedias, and other reference resources.

Secondary sources are those that analyze, assess, or interpret a topic under investigation, typically utilizing primary sources to do so.

Primary sources (adapted from a definition on the Yale University Library Web site) are firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation.  The nature and value of a source cannot be determined without reference to the topic and questions it is meant to answer.  The same document, or other piece of evidence, may be a primary source in one investigation and secondary in another.  The search for primary sources does not, therefore, automatically include or exclude any format of research materials or type of records, documents, or publications.

Primary sources typically can include archives and manuscript material, photographs, letters and diaries, scrapbooks, newspapers and clippings, government publications, oral histories, magazines, published books, printed ephemera, and video and audio recordings.
IMPORTANT:  Note that these categories are not mutually exclusive.  You might, for example, use an index created in the 1950s (a tertiary source in the categories above) as a primary source for terminology used to name events, groups, or concepts in the 1950s.
 
2. RESEARCH SKILLS

Start with topical analysis

Keep track of what you're doing in research notes/notebook Searching skills that will transfer to all tools and resources
  • Combining search terms: using AND between terms will give you a smaller set of retrievals, while using OR will get you more retrievals.

  •  
    3. SOURCES FOR TOPIC ANALYSIS

    1. Guides to the Literature, Encyclopedias and Other Reference Works

    Guides (or guides to the literature as they're sometimes called) provide the researcher with a basic introduction to the literature of a topic. Guides often list important bibliographies, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, periodical indexes, manuscript and statistical finding aids, etc. They may be  a useful first step in beginning research, helpful both in acquainting the researcher with critical sources in the field and assisting in organization and evaluation of research strategies. In other words, some guides offer a structured overview of an academic discipline, while others serve primarily as beginning bibliographies of the key works in a field.

    Guides to the Literature of History:

    Dictionaries and Encyclopedias : A Sampling of Recent Titles Specialized Topics of possible interest: 2. Library of Congress Subject Headings

    A subject heading is a word or term that describes, often quite broadly, the contents of an information resource. "Authorized"
    headings for U.S. libraries are generally determined by the Library of Congress (LCSH). LCSH is the basis for subject indexing of resources available in the ANTPAC (UCI) and MELVYL (UC-wide) as well as most other U.S. academic library catalogs. Subject indexing terms can be a powerful search tool in many online catalogs and indexing databases, and  these same subject headings found in records for known items can lead serendipitously to other interesting resources. In addition to usage in catalog records for books, videotapes, and other library resources, many (but by no means all) abstracting and indexing articles databases use LCSH as the basis for their subject indexing.

    Searches for subject heading(s) assigned by the Library of Congress or descriptors assigned by the index/database producer
    use a "controlled vocabulary." The best way to identify subject heading(s) for your topic is to do a keyword search first, then
    note and link from subject headings of the most promising items.

    Reminders:

    The following is a highly selective list of subject headings that might prove useful in looking for information resources related to Cold War Culture.

    Finding the subheading terms "Sources" or "Archival resources" appended to any of the subject headings below on a record in an online catalog is an indication that the item you've found is substantially composed of primary source material.

    Also proper nouns/names, e.g.: Reminder note:  To identify additional subject headings for your topic, do  keyword search the display result(s) in long format, note subject headings for the most promising items, click on subject heading to execute subject search.
     
    4. MONOGRAPHS AND OTHER RESEARCH MATERIALS: LIBRARY CATALOGS
     
    4.1. ANTPAC: UCI LIBRARIES CATALOG

    ANTPAC provides quick and efficient access to the holdings of the UCI Libraries.  ANTPAC should be your first stop for accessing books, periodicals, media, and other research materials.

    ANTPAC is available via a Web interface in the UCI Libraries as well as from home or office.  You can access ANTPAC via the UCI Libraries homepage (http://www.lib.uci.edu/) or directly (http://antpac.lib.uci.edu/).
     
     
    4.2. MELVYL® UC SYSTEMWIDE CATALOG and CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY

    Melvyl:

    If your ANTPAC search does not produce the desired results or you want to expand your retrieval of materials, you will want to search the holdings of other libraries, particularly other UC libraries by using the UC Melvyl Catalog.

    Melvyl is a web-based gateway to the library holdings of the University of California Libraries and to those of the California Academy of Sciences, California Historical Society, California State Library, Center for Research Libraries, Graduate Theological Union, Hastings College of Law, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

    The database contains over 23,000,000 records, including books, periodicals or journal titles, videos, maps, sound recordings and muc  more. Melvyl allows you to browse records, save and mail items to your email account, set up a profile and Workspace so that you can save records and searches across sessions, and have email Updates automatically sent to you.

    The new Melvyl catalog was released by CDL to the UC University community and public at large in April 2003.  On August 1, 2003, "Legacy Melvyl" was retired and the new web-based version of Melvyl became the only  union, or combined, catalog of the UC libraries.

    For more information, consult:  Introduction and Guides to New Melvyl

    Highly Recommended:  Establish your profile and "Workspace" in new Melvyl  in order to:


    The California Digital Library:
    Mission: "Harnessing technology and innovation, and leveraging the intellectual and cultural resources of the UC, the CDL supports the assembly and creative use of the world's scholarship and knowledge for the UC libraries and the communities they serve. Established in 1997 as a UC  library, the CDL has become one the largest digital libraries in the world."

    CDL Collections & Services:

          Directory of CDL Licensed Content

                CDL Collections in History Available to UCI Irvine: Browse
                    Listing of links to resources by historical field, e.g., Asian  History, California History, Modern European History, etc.
                CDL Collections in History Available to UCI Irvine: Search Results
                    Includes over 1200 Electronic Journals, Databases, Archival Finding Aids and Reference Texts; Use the drop-down menu to limit by these categories.

        You may also search the CDL Collections
     
     
    4.3. WORLDCAT (WCAT)

    Records from the worldwide OCLC Online Union Catalog for books, computer files, audiovisual materials, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, musical scores, etc., in a variety of languages.  (Also provides links to other databases of possible interest, e.g., ArticlesFirst, etc.)
     
     
    4.4. Essays/Chapters in Collections and Anthologies

    Finding essays/chapters in collections and anthologies presents particular challenges to the researcher. This is all the more true given that the title or subject of the collection likely will not reflect the more specific topic of the essays within it. Happily, for many publications, you can now use ANTPAC and/or WorldCat to identify selected published essays on your topic.

    ANTPAC: Keyword searching now searches for your search terms in the author, title, subject, series, notes, and contents field. Essay titles and authors are typically included in the Contents field.

    Do a general keyword search:     Example: cold and war and culture
    or
    Limit to Contents field by using n: in keyword search:     Example: n: cold war culture or by author: n: jon wiener

    WORLDCAT:Use the advanced search option and limit your keyword search to the Notes/Comments field
     
     
    4.5. Dissertations

    Digital Dissertations
    Includes bibliographic citations for materials ranging from the first U.S. dissertation, accepted in 1861, to those accepted as recently as last semester. Citations for dissertations published from 1980 forward also include 350-word abstracts written by the author. Citations for master's theses from 1988 forward include 150-word abstracts. Titles published since 1997 are available in PDF digital format and have 24 page previews available.
     
     
    5.  ARTICLES: PERIODICAL INDEXING/ABSTRACTING SERVICES

    The most convenient direct access to periodical indexes and abstracts is through the UCI Libraries website, Article Databases.

    Here you will find an alphabetical listing of all indexes and abstracts available through CDL or licensed directly by the UCI Libraries.  The following is a selective listing of indexes most useful for History 203 topics.

    Note: Always pay attention to the type and chronological scope of the database you are using as you select your search terms.
     
     
    WEB-BASED INDEXES

    ** Particularly recommended
     
    History

    **America: History and Lif (AHL) 1964-
    The most authoritative listing of periodical literature, book and media reviews, and dissertations in United States and Canadian history.  Covers over 1,700 journals published worldwide.
    Search Hints:
                Use Advanced Search and Keyword Search to begin, then if desired
                Indicate Time Period: For example,  1950D. Click on magnifying glass icon to right of time period to browse options.

    Historical Abstracts(HA)  1955-
    The "world's leading historical bibliography" covers the history of the world from 1450 to the present (excluding North America).  Includes English-language journals (1,700+), books, and disseratations.
     
     
    Multidisciplinary

    Expanded Academic Index ASAP  1980 - present
    Provides multi-disciplinary coverage from arts and the humanities to social sciences, science and technology; inlcudes scholarly journals, news magazines, and newspapers - many with full text and images.

    **Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe
    Nearly 5,000 publications span news, financial, medical, and legal information, the vast majority available in full text, with a limited number available in abstract form. Covers newspapers, magazines, wire services, federal and state court opinions, federal and state statutes, federal regulations, etc. News information is updated daily and wire services several times daily.

    **Readers Guide Retrospective  1890-1982
    Provides citations to over 500 of  the most popular general-interest periodicals published in the United States, reflecting  the history of 20th century America.

    Also of interest:

    Left Index.  1982- present
    Provides access to "the diversity of literature on the left, with a primary emphasis on politically and culturally engaged scholarship inside and outside the academy and a secondary emphasis on significant but little known sources of news and ideas. Topics covered include politics, economics, the labor movement, ecology and environment, women's studies, race and ethnicity, social and cultural theory, sociology, art and aesthetics, philosophy, history, education, law, and globalization."

    **The Nation Digital Archive.   1865-
    Full-text archive of The Nation magazine, America's oldest weekly magazine.  Includes 6,800  issues, fully searchable by author, title, keyword or date range.  "Its 135+ years of reporting, opinion, and criticism make for an invaluable collection of primary source materia Its 135+ years of reporting, opinion, and criticism make for an unmatched collection of primary source material, covering the history of politics, culture, books and the arts — in the U.S. and around the world.

    PCI: Periodical Contents Index  1770-1995.
    An electronic index to the contents of 3,000+ periodicals in the humanities and social sciences , from their first issues to 1995.

    Ethnic NewsWatch   1960- present
    Full-text general reference database of the newspapers, magazines and journals of the ethnic, minority and native press covering both current and historical topics.

    GenderWatch     1970 - present
    Full text database of publications that focus on the impact of gender across a broad spectrum of subject areas. Publications include academic and scholarly journals, magazines, newspapers, newsletters,
    regional publications, books, booklets and pamphlets, conference proceedings, and government, NGO and special reports.

    Women’s Resources International    (WRI) 1972-
    Includes over 232,000 records drawn from a variety of essential women's studies databases including Women Studies Abstracts (1984- ; approx. 35,000 records) and the Women’s Studies Database (1972- ; approx. 70,300 records drawn from 125 journals worldwide).
     
     
    Newpapers

    Current:

    Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe (see above)

    National Newspaper Index 1977 - presnt
    Provides quick access to the indexing of America's top five newspapers in one seamless search: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post.

    Historical:

    **Los Angeles Times Historical    1881-1937 (subsequent  years currently being loaded)

    **New York Times Historical 1851-1999
    At long last, we have retrospective access to the NYT full-text!

    Wall Street Journal Historical   1889-1985

    Note:  For other web databases relevant to history research, see CDL History Databases Available to UC Irvine
     
    PRINT INDEXES

    Unfortunately, the 1950s to 1970s is a time period that generally falls prior to many online newspaper and magazine indexing services, so you also will need to use print indexes to assist in your search for resources on your topic for this course.

    Print Indexes to Primary Sources/Magazines and Journals:

    Especially as historians, you can never forget those indexes still available only in print form.  Especially for contemporary publications, the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature and the newspaper indexes cited can serve as great topical indexes to what was being written about the events and subjects you are researching at the time they were actually happening.

    International Index to Periodicals.  1907-1965/65 Ref. AI3 I58
        Index to academic journals in Humanities, Social Sciences, and Sciences.
       (subsequently:  Humanities and Social Sciences Index. 1965/66-1973/74; then separately: Humanities Index; Social Sciences Index 1973/74- )

    Alternative Press Index 1969-  Ref. AI3 .A4

    Film Literature Index 1973- Ref. PN1993 .F563

    Index to Black Periodicals.  1971-  present Ref. AI3 O4
        (formerly Index to Periodicals By and About Negroes/Blacks)


     
    6. FULL-TEXT JOURNALS ON THE WEB

    Convenient access from:
        CDL: United States and North American History,  Electronic Journals available to UC Irvine
        or
        UCI Libraries Web Site:  Full-Text Online Journals

    Specific Collections:

    JSTOR   (Retrospective archive)
    Provides searching and browsing access to the full text of back files of over 100 scholarly publications in dozens of academic disciplines, including History. Articles can be printed off using an Adobe PDF reader plug in to your Web browser (available on all public terminals in the UCI Libraries).
    Note: for many jouranls,  does not include the latest 2-5 years, but often includes back issues from several decades past.

    History Titles Include:
     
     American Historical Review 
    American Quarterly 
    Eighteenth-Century Studies 
    Journal of American History 
    Journal of Economic History 
    Journal of Military History 
    Journal of Modern History 
    Journal of Negro History
    Journal of Southern History
    Journal of the History of Ideas
    Renaissance Quarterly
    Reviews in American History
    Speculum: A Journal of Mediaeval Studies
    Studies in the Renaissance
    William and Mary Quarterly

    Project Muse (Current)
    Full text of over 40 journals in the humanities and social sciences published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Full text coverage varies by journal title but ranges from 1993 to the present. Links to the full text of many articles available in CDL-hosted databases.

    Selected journals of interest include:
     
    American Imago
    American Jewish History
    American Quarterly
    Eighteenth-Century Life
    Eighteenth-Century Studies
    History and Memory
    Journal of the History of Ideas
    Reviews in American History

    History Cooperative

    Sponsored by the American Historical Association, the Organization of American Historians, the University of Illinois Press, and the National Academy Press, provides electronic access to the following journals:
     
    American Historical Review 
    The History Teacher 
    The Journal of American History
    Law and History Review 
    The Western Historical Quarterly 
    The William and Mary Quarterly
     
    7. SPECIALIZED INTERNET RESOURCES

    Although the Internet provides access to information resources that are often of dubious quality or authority, for historians there are a growing number of sites worth visiting.  Among the most useful are collections of primary documents, visual resources, and listservs where you can chat with colleagues around the world. Google (http://www.google.com/), if you haven't used it, is an excellent internet search engine for finding resources.

    Try the URLs listed below for a sampling of interesting and perhaps informative Web sites.

     
    8. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION

    The U.S. Government produces a mind-boggling amount of information.  The titles below are just a few resources that might be of use. You can also limit your search retrieval sets in ANTPAC to items located in "Langson-Gov Info" by using the "Limit/Sort" or Modify Search button.

    If you want to use government information in your research, it is highly recommended that, near the beginning of the quarter, that you email Kay Collins , U.S. Government Information Librarian, regarding available information resources.

     
    9. ADDITIONAL SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS AND ARCHIVES

    Primary sources for the Cold War period include articles and advertising in popular magazines, media (film and television), speeches by national leaders, presidential papers, FBI reports, congressional hearings, and documentary films. A brief sampling of some primary sources available at UCI Libraries, with call numbers (all in Langson Library) supplied in bold  after the resource title, is listed below.

    For additional suggestions, see Identifying and Locating Primary Sources

    Magazines available in UCI Libraries covering the Cold War period:

    Sample Microform Collections: Videos/DVDs: Located in the Multimedia Resource Center, MRC, first floor, Main Library; annotations below taken from bibliographic records.
    Special Collections and Archives: 5th  floor, Langson Library

    This department includes numerous collections of printed brochures, planning documents, newspapers, maps, photographs, pamphlets, and manuscript materials, a number of which relate to the Cold War period.

    Of particular interest is the fairly extensive political pamphlets collection, including for example the following:

    In addition, if you are interested in exploring the possibility of taking a local angle to your research topic, please contact Bill Landis (phone # and e-mail are at the top of this guide) to discuss.
     
    10. CREATING/ORGANIZING/MANAGING BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND MANUSCRIPT CITATIONS: ENDNOTE

    EndNote is a bibliographic management software program used to develop, organize and manipulate bibliographic citations and facilitate the production of bibliographies and the publication process.  EndNote allows the user to create a "library" to store and manage citations, similar to a set of index cards but with much more organizational power and flexibility.  Additionally, EndNote allows the user to export citations from many (but not yet all) catalogs and databases (including America: History and Life) directly into your "library" bibliography and from your "library" into a word processor.  You can thus produce a bibliography or manuscript automatically incorporating citations in a variety of publication styles (e.g., Chicago, APA, or journal-specific).

    For more information, see EndNote web site.

    EndNote software is available in open-access library computer labs including Science Library Interactive Learning Center (ILC) Room 164 and Langson Library TEC, Room 228.  Available for sale at educational discount in UCI Computer Store. You may also download a FREE 30-day full-featured trial from the EndNote website @ www.endnote.com.

    Highly Recommended: EndNote Workshops