|
First Year Research Seminar: Gendered Narratives Professor Vicki Ruiz Winter Quarter 2003 Library Research Guide |
Librarian contacts:
| Joan Ariel
History and Women's Studies Librarian 386 Main Library 824-4970 jariel@uci.edu |
Bill Landis
Manuscripts Librarian Special Collection and Archives 500 Main Library 824-3113 blandis@uci.edu |
Kay Collins
U.S. Government Information Librarian 108 Main Library 824-7290 kcollins@uci.edu |
Yvonne Wilson
Orange County Information Librarian 108 Main Library 824-7362 ymwilson@uci.edu |
The guide covers the following areas:
| 1. SOURCES FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH |
Tertiary sources include bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, encyclopedias, and other reference resources.
Secondary sources are those that analyze, assess, or interpret a topic under investigation, typically utilizing primary sources to do so.
Primary sources (adapted from a definition on the Yale University Library Web site) are firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. The nature and value of a source cannot be determined without reference to the topic and questions it is meant to answer. The same document, or other piece of evidence, may be a primary source in one investigation and secondary in another. The search for primary sources does not, therefore, automatically include or exclude any format of research materials or type of records, documents, or publications.
Primary sources typically can include archives and manuscript material, photographs, letters and diaries, scrapbooks, newspapers and clippings, government publications, oral histories, magazines, published books, printed ephemera, and video and audio recordings.IMPORTANT: Note that these categories are not mutually exclusive. You might, for example, use an index created in the 1950s (a tertiary source in the categories above) as a primary source for terminology used to name events, groups, or concepts in the 1950s.
| 2. GOOD RESEARCH SKILLS |
Start with topical analysis
| 3. SOURCES FOR TOPIC ANALYSIS |
Guides (or guides to the literature as they're sometimes called) provide the researcher with a basic introduction to the literature of a topic. Guides list important bibliographies, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, periodical indexes, manuscript and statistical finding aids, etc. They may be a useful first step in beginning research, helpful both in acquainting the researcher with critical sources in the field and assisting in organization and evaluation of research strategies. In other words, guides offer a structured overview of an academic discipline.
Guides to the Literature
History:
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias : A Sampling
| 4. Search Types and Strategies |
In doing library-based research, there are three key approaches to identifying information and materials on a subject or topic:
1. known item;
2. keyword; and
3. subject heading.
All are based on the "bibliographic record" for the book, article, or other item.
4.1. Known Item
A book you already have can provide leads to additional research sources.
In most library catalogs and databases, searches for your key words usually drawn from the following data fields:
Books: title, series title, and/or subject
heading words.
Articles: article title, subject heading,
abstract if available.
Keyword is the most flexible approach which usually produces the largest retrieval.
Cautionary Note:
4.3. Subject Heading
A subject heading is a word or term that describes, often quite broadly,
the contents of an information resource. "Authorized" headings for
U.S. libraries are generally determined by the Library of Congress (LCSH).
In addition to usage in catalog records for books, videotapes, and other
library resources, many abstracting and indexing databases of articles
use LCSH as the basis for their subject indexing.
Searches for subject heading(s) assigned by the Library of Congress or descriptors assigned by the index/database producer use a "controlled vocabulary." The best way to identify subject heading(s) for your topic is to do a keyword search first, then note and link from subject headings of the most promising items.
Note:
A subject heading search in ANTPAC is an exact subject heading
search.
For example:
Los Angeles History = 1
Los Angeles California History = 0
Los Angeles Calif History = 87
Los Angeles Calif History 19th century = 1
Los Angeles California History 20th century = 4
Some "subject" searches (e.g, in MELVYL as well as some databases) provide the option of searching by topic keywords, subject heading words, or exact subject heading. Read search screens and select options carefully
Reminder: Subject headings, like all language and most everything in life (!), are socially and historically constructed; consider terminology for your topic broadly and deeply.
The following is a highly selective list of samplesubject headings that might prove useful in looking for information resources related to topics of interest.
Tip: Finding the subheading terms "Sources" or "Archival resources" appended to any of the subject headings below on a record in an online catalog is an indication that the item you've identified is substantially composed of primary source material.
4.4. Useful Search Strategies:
4.4.1. Truncation: Use trucation symbols (usually * and/or #) building on the root of a word to expand your retrieval.
Examples:
chican* =
chicana, chicano, chicanos but also chicanery
gender* =
gender, genders, gendered, etc.
histor* =
history, historian, historical, historicism
But caution:
rac* = race, racism, racist BUT also raccoon, racketeer, etc.
4.4.2. Date searches: limiting result sets by dates can be a good approach when you are focusing on primary sources for a particular time period..
4.4.3. Combining search terms with "boolean operators"
For more information, see Boolean
Searching: A Primer
| 5. MONOGRAPHS AND OTHER RESEARCH MATERIALS: LIBRARY CATALOGS |
| ANTPAC: UCI LIBRARIES CATALOG |
ANTPAC provides quick and efficient access to the holdings of the UCI Libraries. ANTPAC should be your first stop for accessing books, periodicals, media, and other research materials.
ANTPAC is available via a Web interface in the UCI Libraries as well as from home or office. You can access ANTPAC via the UCI Libraries homepage (http://www.lib.uci.edu/) or directly (http://antpac.lib.uci.edu/).
ANTPAC offers the following unique features:
| CDL MELVYL® CATALOG: UC SYSTEMWIDE CATALOG |
If your ANTPAC search does not produce the desired results or you want to expand your retrieval of materials, you will want to search the holdings of other libraries, particularly other UC libraries. The California Digital Library (CDL) MELVYL® Catalog opens doors to worlds beyond UCI .
To research a topic, select Subject or Power search. Subject searches require word(s) from authorized LC subject headings. Power searches allow you to combine search types (including title words, subject, or exact subject) and, if desired, to limit your retrieval by library location, date, language, form, and/or date added to the database.
Save: Use the Save feature to create your own topic bibliography within a single database or across several databases. Once you have saved the items for your bibliography, click on Saved Lists to view, print, mail or download. Make sure you give your list a relevant subject, indicating topic and date. You may also want to add an annotation for your list indicating which databases you covered.
Output options: You may mail, print, or download your search results.
Request: You may also request materials identified in a
MELVYL® search through via the Request option (as long as they are
not currently available at UCI). Keep in mind, however, that Document Access
and Delivery /Inter-Library Loan (DA&D) can occasionally be a slow
process, best undertaken at the beginning of your research. The ten-week
quarter makes few allowances for DA&D, although the increased use of
FAX and other electronic delivery systems does at least make acquiring
journal articles from afar faster and easier (though often for a fee).
| WORLDCAT(WCAT) |
Records from the worldwide OCLC Online Union Catalog for books, computer files, audiovisual materials, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, musical scores, etc., in a variety of languages. (Also provides links to other databases of possible interest, e.g., ArticlesFirst, etc.)
*Note: One distinct advantage to this database is that it provides
access at the chapter level to many collections. Search with relevant
keywords in the Notes field.
| 6. ARTICLES: PERIODICAL INDEXING/ABSTRACTING SERVICES |
Direct access to periodical indexes and abstracts is provided through
the UCI Libraries Website: Article
Databases.
Here you will find an alphabetical listing of all indexes and abstracts
available through CDL or licensed directly by the UCI Libraries.
The following is a selective listing of indexes most useful for
History 203 topics.
Note: Pay attention to the type and chronological scope of the database
you are using as you select your search terms.
| WEB-BASED INDEXES |
History:
America:
History and Life (AHL) 1964-
The most authoritative listing of periodical literature, book and media
reviews, and dissertations in United States and Canadian history.
Covers over 1,700 journals published worldwide.
Search Hints:
Use Advanced Search then Keyword Search to begin.
If desired: Limit by Time Period:
For example, 1950D. Click on magnifying glass icon to right of time
period to browse options.
Historical
Abstracts(HA) 1955-
The "world's leading historical bibliography" covers the history of
the world from 1450 to the present (excluding North America). Includes
English-language journals (1,700+), books, and disseratations.
Chicano/Latino Studies:
Chicano Database
1967-present
The Chicano database contains records for many types of materials Chicano/Mexican-American
Studies, and since 1992, materials on other Latino cultures--e.g., Puerto
Ricans, Cuban Americans, and Central American immigrants. Subject coverage
includes history, art, language, sociology, public policy, economics, literature,
politics, and law.
The Handbook of Latin
American Studies/HLAS Online 1935-present
Contains citations in the area of Latin American studies from journals,
books, and conferences in history and in other disciplines in the humanities
and social sciences. Many citations in the database are annotated.
Hispanic American Periodical
Index/HAPI Online 1970-present
Produced by the UCLA Latin American Center, provides citations to articles
and other materials about Mexico, the U.S.-Mexico border region, and Hispanics
in the U.S. as well as Central and South America, and the Caribbean basin.
Multidisciplinary:
ArticleFirst via WorldCat
Expanded
Academic Index ASAP 1980 - present
Provides multi-disciplinary coverage from arts and the humanities to
social sciences, science and technology; inlcudes scholarly journals, news
magazines, and newspapers - many with full text and
images.
Lexis/Nexis Academic
Universe
Nearly 5,000 publications span news, financial, medical, and legal
information, the vast majority available in full text, with a limited number
available in abstract form. Covers newspapers, magazines, wire services,
federal and state court opinions, federal and state statutes, federal regulations,
etc. News information is updated daily and wire services several times
daily.
Left
Index.
1982- present
Provides access to "the diversity of literature on the left, with a
primary emphasis on politically and culturally engaged scholarship inside
and outside the academy and a secondary emphasis on significant but little
known sources of news and ideas. Topics covered include politics, economics,
the labor movement, ecology and environment, women's studies, race and
ethnicity, social and cultural theory, sociology, art and aesthetics, philosophy,
history, education, law, and globalization."
National
Newspaper Index. 1977 - presnt
Provides quick access to the indexing of America's top five newspapers
in one seamless search: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The
Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post.
Ethnic and Women's Studies:
Ethnic NewsWatch
1960- present
Full-text general reference database of the newspapers, magazines and
journals of the ethnic, minority and native press covering both current
and historical topics.
GenderWatch
1970 - present
Full text database of publications that focus on the impact of gender
across a broad spectrum of subject areas. Publications include academic
and scholarly journals, magazines, newspapers, newsletters,
regional publications, books, booklets and pamphlets, conference proceedings,
and government, NGO and special reports.
Women’s
Resources International (WRI) 1972-
Includes over 232,000 records drawn from a variety of essential women's
studies databases including Women Studies Abstracts (1984- ; approx.
35,000 records) and the Women’s Studies Database (1972- ; approx. 70,300
records drawn from 125 journals worldwide).
Note: For other web databases relevant to history research,
see CDL
History
Databases Available to UC Irvine
| PRINT INDEXES |
Unfortunately, the 1950s to 1970s is a time period that generally falls prior to most online newspaper and magazine indexing services, so you will need to use print indexes to assist in your search for resources on your topic for this course.
Print Indexes to Primary Sources
Especially as historians, you can never forget those indexes still available only in print form. Especially for contemporary publications, the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature and the newspaper indexes cited can serve as great topical indexes to what was being written about the events and subjects you are researching at the time they were actually happening.
Magazines and Journals:
Alternative Press Index 1969- Ref. AI3 .A4
International Index to Periodicals. 1907-1965/65 Ref.
AI3 I58
subsequently: Humanities and Social Sciences
Index. 1965/66-1973/74
then separately: Humanities Index; Social Sciences Index 1973/74-
Index to academic journals in Humanities, Social Sciences, and Sciences.
Readers Guide to Periodical Literature. 1900- present Ref.
AI 3 R4
Standard index to popular periodical literature including general news
and sports magazines.
Film Literature Index 1973- Ref. PN1993 .F563
Newspapers:
New York Times Index. 1851- present Ref.
AI21 N4
New York Times available on microfirm in Current
Periodicals Room
Los Angeles Times Index. 1972- Ref. AI21 L65 N492
LA Times available on microfilm in Current Periodicals
Room, 1881- present
| 7. FULL-TEXT JOURNALS ON THE WEB |
Convenient access from:
CDL: United
States and North American History, Electronic Journals available
to UC Irvine
or
UCI Libraries Homepage: Full-Text
Journals
Specific Collections:
JSTOR (Retrospective
archive)
Provides searching and browsing access to the full text of back files
of over 100 scholarly publications in dozens of academic disciplines, including
History. Articles can be printed off using an Adobe PDF reader plug in
to your Web browser (available on all public terminals in the UCI Libraries).
Note: for many jouranls, does not include the latest 2-5 years,
but often includes back issues from several decades past.
History Titles Include:
| American Historical Review
American Quarterly Eighteenth-Century Studies Journal of American History Journal of Economic History Journal of Military History Journal of Modern History Journal of Negro History |
Journal of Southern History
Journal of the History of Ideas Renaissance Quarterly Reviews in American History Speculum: A Journal of Mediaeval Studies Studies in the Renaissance William and Mary Quarterly |
Project Muse (Current)
Full text of over 40 journals in the humanities and social sciences
published by Johns Hopkins University Press. Full text coverage varies
by journal title but ranges from 1993 to the present. Links to the full
text of many articles available in CDL-hosted databases.
Selected journals of interest include:
| American Imago
American Jewish History American Quarterly Eighteenth-Century Life |
Eighteenth-Century Studies
History and Memory Journal of the History of Ideas Reviews in American History |
Sponsored by the American Historical Association, the Organization of
American Historians, the University of Illinois Press, and the National
Academy Press, provides electronic access to the following journals:
| American Historical Review
The History Teacher The Journal of American History |
Law and History Review
The Western Historical Quarterly The William and Mary Quarterly |
| 8. SPECIALIZED INTERNET RESOURCES |
Although the Internet provides access to information resources that are often of dubious quality or authority, for historians there are a growing number of sites worth visiting. Among the most useful are collections of primary documents, visual resources, and listservs where you can chat with colleagues around the world. Google (http://www.google.com/), if you haven't used it, is an excellent internet search engine for finding resources.
The URLs listed below provide one example of sample sites, here on the 1950s.
| 9. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION |
The U.S. Government produces a mind-boggling amount of information. The following are just a few resources that might be of use. UCI Libraries call numbers are supplied in parentheses after the resource title. The first is an index to information produced by the U.S. Congress, much of which is available through the UCI Libraries, though much of it is uncataloged. The second is an index to full-text, scanned government documents available online. If you really want to use government information in your research, it would be a good idea, near the beginning of the quarter, to e-mail Kay Collins, U.S. Government Information Librarian, or Yvonne Wilson, Orange County Librarian, (phone #s and e-mails at the top of this guide), regarding available information resources. You can also limit your search retrieval sets in ANTPAC to items located in "MAIN-Govt Pubs" by using the "Limit/Sort" button.
| 10. SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS AND ARCHIVES |
Primary sources for the History 203 topics include newspaper and magazine articles from the time; oral histories; media (film and television); letters; speeches; legislative and congressional hearings, and documentary films.
Selected useful reference sources:
American
Women's History: A Research Guide
Provides many links to primary sources.
See, for instance, the section on Hispanic
American Women
Paper trails : a guide to public records in California.
2nd ed. Stephen Levine and Barbara T. Newcombe
San Francisco : Center for Investigative Reporting ; Sacramento : California
Newspaper Publishers Association, c1996.
Ref. CD3111 .L48 1996
Databases of particular use in identifying primary sources:
American
Periodical Series Online, 1740-1900
Includes digitized images of the pages of American magazines
and journals published from colonial days to the dawn of the 20th century.
Published between 1741 and 1900, the more than 1,000 titles include Benjamin
Franklin's General Magazine, the first American professional journals,
and several popular magazines still in publication, such as Vanity Fair,
Harper's, and Ladies' Home Journal. Users can trace America's transition
from colony to world power, or conduct in-depth research. Topics include:
Revolution and independence; Slavery, emancipation, Reconstruction, and
Jim Crow; Opening and settling the frontier; The changing role of women;
The short story as an emerging genre; Advances in medicine and technology;
Trends in politics, science, and religion.
Gerritsen Collection,
Women's History Online, 1543-1945
Women's history in the world from 1543 to 1945. 4,700
publications from Europe, the U.S., the United Kingdom, Canada, and New
Zealand, tracing the evolution of feminism within a single country, as
well as the impact of one country's movement on those of the others.
Historical
Newspapers Online
Contains three major historical resources:
PCI: Periodical Contents Index
1770-1995.
An electronic index to the contents of 3,000+ periodicals in the humanities
and social sciences , from their first issues to 1995.
Listed below is a very brief sampling of some primary sources available at UCI Libraries, with call numbers (all in the Main Library) supplied in parentheses after the resource title. You will, of course, need to check for others and most likely will need to venture farther afield to other libraries and collections to obtain primary source materials for your specific topic. Check with Professor Ruiz for possible leads; you may also arrange an individual research consultation appointment with librarian(s) to investigate sources for your topic.
Microforms
(located on 1st Floor of the Main Library; ask for assistance at
the Reference Desk)
Tamiment Library. Radical pamphlet literature : a collection from the Tamiment Library, 1817 (1900-1945) 1970. Glen Rock, N.J. : Microfilming Corporation of America, 1974. Microfilm M 000747
Socialist Party of America papers, 1919-1976. Glen Rock, N.J. : Microfilming Corp. of America, 1977. Microfilm M 000267
Videos
(located in the Multimedia Resource Center, first floor, Main Library);
sample titles:
| Special Collections and Archives: 5th floor of the Main Library (Hours: M-F 10-6, Saturday 1-5) |
Includes numerous collections of books, printed brochures, planning documents, newspapers, maps, photographs, pamphlets, and manuscript materials. Of particular interest is a strong political pamphlet collection, a fairly large collection related to the history of Los Angeles, and a large collection of Orange County materials including many items on Laguna Beach.
If you are interested in exploring the possibility of taking a local
angle to your research topic, please contact Bill Landis (phone # and e-mail
are at the top of this guide) to discuss.
| Other Libraries/Resources |
Check CDL/California Periodicals Titles database for newspapers and other periodicals held in California libraries. Click on down arrow and select Periodicals Titles.
Example: use Subject heading: Hispanic Americans -- NewspapersLibrary Catalogs and Library Sites
Use Google or other search engines creatively
but carefully to identify possible collections, leads, etc.
| 11. CREATING/MANAGING BIBLIOGRAPHIES WITHOUT PAIN: ENDNOTE |
EndNote is a bibliographic management software program used to develop, organize and manipulate bibliographic citations and facilitate the production of bibliographies and the publication process. EndNote allows the user to create a "library" to store and manage citations, similar to a set of index cards but with much more organizational power and flexibility. Additionally, EndNote allows the user to export citations from many (but not yet all) catalogs and databases (including America: History and Life) directly into your "library" bibliography and from your "library" into a word processor. You can thus produce a bibliography or manuscript automatically incorporating citations in a variety of publication styles (e.g., Chicago, APA, or journal-specific).
EndNote has recently been installed in open-access library computer labs including Science Library Interactive Learning Center (ILC) Room 164 and Main Library TEC, Room 228 (open in the evenings).
Recommended: Upcoming Library EndNote Workshops
You may also wish to use the webpage guide that I have created for past
workshops: Introduction
to EndNote